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AUTHOR: 


BURNET,  GILBERT, 
BP 


TITLE: 


CONCLUSION  TO 

BISHOP  BURNET'S 


PLACE: 


DUBLIN 


DA  TE : 


1734 


(AiLUMLUA  UNiX'liKSl'iV  IJHKARSHB 
I ' R L- S I ■; R \' A T I C) N  D ii PA  1^1  'K 1 1  - N  1 ' 


Master  Necalivc  # 


Hn 5 LIQGRAl'HK:MICROr O R M  I  A R ( ; li  I 


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E3o' 


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I  T  O 


i     Bifliop  Burners  Hiflory 


O  F 


\ 


His  Own  Time. 

€  O  N  1  A  I  N  I  N  G 

A   D   V  I    C   E 

TO  THE 

PEOPLE 

O  F 

E  N  G  LAND. 


The  Third  Edition. 


DUBLIN: 

Printed  by  A. Rhames,  for  T.Moore, 
Bookfeller  at  Era/mas'i  Head  in  7>''"?f- 

1734. 


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THE 


CON  C  L  us  I  O  N 

T  O 
Biftiop  BURNET s  Hiftory,  ^c. 

■RAVE  now  fct  out  the 
State  of  Affairs  for  a- 
bove    half   a    Century, 
v/ith  all    the  Care   and 
Attention   that    I  was 
T  have  enquired  into   all 
og  us,  and  have  obferved 
the  courfe  of  my  Life, 
Application  and  Im- 
iiiy  Intention  in  writ- 
t   lo  much,  to  tell  a  fine 
1     c  to         World,  and  toamuiethem 
ath  a  Difcovery  of  many  Secrets  and 
of  Intrigues  of  State,  to  blaft  the  Me- 
mory of  feme  and  to  exalt  others,  to 

A  2  dif- 


fh  a  paru 
•  lity. 


"^  n.  t^  r-  -J  c 


I 


r  X  ] 

dlferace  one  Party  and  to  recommend 
another  :    My  chief  Defign  was  better 
formed,    and  deeper  laid  :    It  was  to 
give  fuch  a   Difcovery  of  Errors  in 
Government,  and  of  the  Excefles  and  ^ 
Follies    of  Parties,    as  may  make  the 
next  Age  wifer,    by   what  I  may  tell 
them  of  the   laft.     And  I  may  prc- 
fume,    that  the  Obfervations  I  have 
made,  and  the  Account    that  I  have 
given,  will  gain  me   fo  much  Credit, 
that  I  may  fpeakwitha  plain  Freedom 
to  all  forts  of  Perfons  :  This  not  be- 
ing to  bepubliflied'till  after  I  am  dead, 
when  Envy,  Jealoufy  or  Hatred  \viU 
be  buried  with    mc  in  my  Grave  ;  I 
may  hope,  that  what  I  am  now  to  of- 
fer  to    fucceeding  Ages,  may  be  bet- 
ter heard,  and  leis  cenfured,  than  any 
thing  I  could  offer  to  the  prefcnt  :  So 
that  this  is  a  fort  of  Teftament  or  Dy- 
ing Speech,  which  I  leave  behmd  me, 
to  be  read  and  confidered  when  I  can 
fpeak  no  more :  I  do  mod  earneftly  beg 
of  God  to  direa  mc  in  it,  and  to  give  ^ 
It  fuch  an  effed  on  the  Minds  of  thofe^ 
who  read  it,  that  I  may  do  more  Goog  , 
when  dead,   than  I  could  ever  hope  y 
do  while  I  was  alive. 


My 


Is 


J 


/ 


■\ 


! 


My  Thoughts  have  run  moft,  and  My  pal 
dwelt  longeft  on  the  Concerns  of  the  ^'^'^'^^^ 
Church  and  Religion:  Therefore  I  be-  ^^  £„^. 
gin  with  them.     I  have  always   had  a  Und. 
true  Zeal  for  the  Church  o(  Englafuiy 
I  have  lived  in  its  Communion  with 
great  Joy,  and  have  purfued  iustrueln- 
terelts  with  an  unfeigned  Affeftion:  Yet 
I  muft  fay  there  arc  many  things  in  it, 
that   have  been  very  uneafy  to  me. 

The  requiring  Subfcriptions  to  the  The  Doc 
Thirty-nine  Articles   is  a  great    Im-  ^'^"^• 

Kolition:    I   believe  them  all  myfclf: 
ut  as  thofe,  about  Original  Sin  and 
Predeftination,might  be  exprclTcd  more 
unexceptionably,fo  I  think  it  is  a  bet- 
ter way,  to  let  fuch  Matters  continue 
to  be  ftill  the  Standard   of  Dodrine, 
with  fome  few  Corre6lioRS,     and  to 
cenfure  thofe  who  teach  any  contrary 
Tenets  ;  than  to  oblige  all,  that  ferv<^ 
in  the  Church,    to    fubfcribe    them : 
The   greater  Part  fubfcribe   without 
ever  examining  them  ;    and  others  do 
it  becaufe  they  muft  do  it,  tho'  they 
can  hardly  fadsfy  their  Confciences  a- 
bout  fome  things  in  them.     Churches 
^    and  Societies  are  much  better  fecured 
by  Laws,  than  by  Subfcriptions:    It 
is  a  more  reafonable,  as  well  as  a  more 
cafy  Method  of  Government.  : 

A  3  Omt 


/ 


/ 


I 


\J 


And  Dif- 
cipline. 


The  Wor-  Our  Wor  V  ^'^^  perfcdcft  Com- 
^^P>  pofition  of  Devotion,  that  we  find 
in  anyChurch,iincicnt  or  modern:  Yet 
the  Correftions  that  were  agreed  to,  , 
by  a  Deputation  of  Bifhops  and  Di-  \ 
vines  in  the  Year  1689,  would  make 
the  whole  Frame  of  our  Liturgy  ftill 
more  perfect,  as  well  as  more  unex- 
ceptionable ;  and  will,  1  hope,  at  fome 
time  or  other,  be  better  entertained, 
than  they  were  then.  I  am  perfuad- 
ed  they  are  fuch,  as  would  bring  in 
the  much  greater  part  of  the  Diflen- 
ters  to  the  Communion  of  theChurch;» 
and  are  in  themfelves  defirable,  tho' 
there  were  not  a  Diflenter  in  the  Na- 
tion. 

As  for  the  Ecclefiaflical  Jurifdic* 
tion,  it  has  been  the  Burden  of  my 
Life,  to  fee  how  it  was  adminiftred  : 
Our  Courts  are  managed  under  the 
Rules  of  the  Cannon  Law,  ^  dilatory 
and  expenfive  :  And  as  their  Confti- 
tution  is  bad,  fo  the  Bufinefs  in  them 
is  fmall  ;  and  therefore  all  poffiblc 
Contrivances  are  ufcd,  to  make  the 
moft  of  thofc  Caufes,  that  come  be- 
fore them :  So  that  they  are  univerfal- 
ly  dreaded  and  hated.  God  grant 
that  a  time  may  come,  in  which  that 
noble  Dcfign,  fo  near  being  perfeded 


) 


in 


L  7  J 

in  King  Edward  the  Sixth's  Days,  of 
the  Reformatio  Legum  Eccle/ajficarimy 
may  be  reviewed  and  eftablilhed  :   That 
fo  Matrimonial  and  Teftamentary  Caa- 
fcs,  which  are  of  a  mixed  nature  may 
be  left,     a  little   better  regulated,  to' 
the  Lay  Hands  of  Chancellors  and  ch 
ther Officers;  but  that  the  whole Cor- 
rcdion  of  the  Manners  of  the  Laity, 
and  the  Infoeftion  into  the  Lives  and 
Labours  of  the  Clergy,  may  be  brought 
again  into  the  hand  of  Spiritual  Men, 
and  be  put  into  a  better  Method.    It 
wodd  be  well  if,  after  the  poor  Cler- 
gy .are   relieved  by  the  Tenths   and 
Firft  Fruits,  a  Fund  were  formed  {pi 
Twenty  or  Thirty  Pound  a-year)  tor 
the  Rural  Deans  ;  and  that  they,  with 
at  leaft  three  of  the  Clergy  of  the 
Deanry,  named  by   the  Bilhop,  exa- 
mined into  the  Manners  both  ot  Ucr- 
gy  and  Laity  ;  and  after  the  Methods 
of  private  Admonition  had  been  tried, 
according  to  our  Saviour's  Rule,  but 
without  effca,  that  the  Matter  ftiould 
be  laid  before  the  Biftiop,    ?^hO' ^^"^^.■" 
his  Admonitions  were  alfo  meftcdrual^ 
,  might  proceed  to  C:nfures,  to  a  ^ul- 
penfion  from  the  Sacrament,  and  to  a 
full   Excommunication,    as   the   (..ale 
Ihould  require.     This  would  bri^  our 
Church  indeed  into  a  primitive  1*  orm. 


\ 


MyZetl 

Againft 
Separa- 
tion, 


[  8] 

in  which  at  prefent  the  Clergy  havd 
Icfs  Authority,  and  are  under  more 
Contempt,  than  in  any  Church,  that  I 
have  yet  feen.  For,  tho'in  the  Church 
o(  Rome  the  publick  Authority  is  in 
general  managed,  according  to  the 
Method  continued  among  us,  yet  it 
was  in  many  particulars  corredcd  by 
the  Council  oi  Trent ;  whereas  we,  by 
that  unhappy  Provifo  in  the  A6t,  au- 
thorizing the  Thirty-two  Commiflio- 
ners  to  reform  our  Couii:.  .>ie.iat^lly 
tiedTHown  to  all,  that  was  in  ufe    in 

tfe  Elghtn:  belidcs,  Tn  that^CiTurch 
thcXlergy  have,  by  auricular  Confef- 
iion,  but  too  great  an  Authority  over 
the  People  ;  I  am  far  from  thinking 
that  to  be  a  lawful,  or  even  a  defirablc 
thing  :  But  fince  that  is  not  to  be 
thought  of,  we  are  in  a  woful  condi- 
tion, in  which  the  Clergy  are,  as  it 
were,  Ihut  out  from  any'fliare  of  the 
main  Parts  of  the  Care  of  Souls. 

The  want  of  a  true  well-regulated 
Difcipline  is  a  great  Dcfed,  own'd  to 
be  fo  in  the  Preface  to  the  Office  of 
Commination  :  And,  while  we  con-  ' 
tinue  in  this  condition,  we  are  certain- 
ly in  an  imperfecft  State.  But  this  did 
never  appear  to  me,  to  be  a  juft 
ground  of  Separation  ;   which  I  could 

never 


I 


never  think  lawful,  unlefs  the  Terms 
of   Communion   among    us   were  un- 
lawful,  and  did  oblige  a  Man  to  fin  : 
That  feems  to  me,    the  only   juftily- 
able  Caufe  of  Separation,  of  leaving 
the  Ellabliihed  Church,  andoffctting 
up  a  diftind  or  oppofite  Communion. 
Nothing  under  this  fecms  to  be  a  juft 
ground  of  rending  the  Body  of  Chrift, 
or   of  difturbing   the   Order    of  the 
World   and    the    Peace   of  Mankind, 
thereby  drawing  on  that  Train  of   ill 
Confcqucnces,that  mult  and  do  ioUow 
upon  inch  a  disjointing  the  Society  of 
Chriilians  ;    by  which  they  become  a- 
lienated  from  one  another,    and  in  the 
\      Sequel  grow   to  hate  and   to  devour 
each  other,  and  by  which  they  are  in 
danger  of  being  confumcd  oneot  ano- 
ther. 

I  do  wifh,    and  will  pray  for  it  as  And 
long  as  I  live,    that  fome  regard  may  1^^^' 
be  had  to  thofe  Scruples,    with  which  f^ruou- 
thc  Diflenters  are  entangled:  And,tho'  lous'Cory 
T   think  they  are  not  all  well  ground- fcienccs. 
ed,  yet   for    Peace  fake  I  wim   fome 
things  may  be  taken  away,  and  that  o- 
'    ther  things  may  be  fottened   and  ex- 
plained:  Many   of  thefe  things  were 
retained  at  the  Reformation,   to  draw 
the  People  more  entirely  into  it;  who 
are  apt  to   judge,  efpecially   in  times 

of 


[  10  j 

of  Ignorance,  by  outward  Appearan- 
ces, more  than  by  the  real  Value  of 
things  :  So  the  preferving  an  Exteri- 
or, that  looked  fomewhac  like  what 
they  had  been  formerly  accuftomed  to, 
without  doubt  had  a  great  efFcdt  at 
firfl  on  many  Perfons,  who,  without 
that,  could  not  have  been  ealily 
brought  over  to  adhere  to  that  Work : 
And  this  was  a  juil  and  lawful  Conli- 
deration.  But  it  is  now  at  an  end ; 
none  now  are  brought  over  from  Po- 
pery by  this  means;  there  is  not  there- 
fore fuch  a  necellity  for  continuing 
them  flill,  as  there  was  for  keeping 
them  up  at  firfl:.  I  confefs,  it  is  not 
advifeable,  without  good  reafon  for  it^ 
tQ  make  great  Changes  in  things  that 
arcvifible  and  fcnfiblc;  yet,  upon  jufl 
Grounds,  fome  may  be  made  without 
any  Danger.  No  Inconvenience  CDuId 
follow,  on  leaving  out  the  Crofs  in 
Bapcifm,  or  on  laying  afide  Surplices, 
and  regulating  Cathedrals,  efpecially 
as  to  that  indecent  way  of  finging 
Prayers,  and  of  Laymen's  reading  the 
Litany:  All  Bowings  to  the  Altar 
have  at  leafl  an  ill  Appearance,  and 
are  of  no  ufe;  the  excluding  Parents 
from  being  the  Sponfors  in  Baptifm, 
and  requiring  them  to  procure  others, 
is  extreme  inconvenient,    and  makes 

that 


( 


[  ^o 

that  to  be  a  Mockery,  rather  than  a 
folemn  Sponfion,  in  too  many.  Other 
things  may  be  fo  explained,  that  no 
juft  Exception  could  lie  to  them. 

Thus  I  wifh  the  Terms  of  Commu- 
nion were  made  larger  and  eafier ;  but 
lince  all  is  now  bound  on  us  by  a  Law, 
that  cannot  be  repealed  but  in  Par- 
liament, there  muft  be  a  great  Change 
in  the  Minds,  both  of  Princes  and  Peo- 
ple, before  that  can  be  brought  about: 
Therefore  the  Ditfenters  ought  tocon- 
fider  well,  what  they  can  do  for  Peace, 
without  finning  againit  God.  The  To- 
leration   does  not   at  all  juftity  their 
Separation;    it  only  takes  away    the 
Force   of  Penal  Laws  againll  them : 
Therefore,    as  Lying  in  common  Dif- 
courfe  is  ftilla  Sin,  tho'  no  Statute  pu- 
niflies  it;  and   Ingratitude    is    a  bafe 
thing,  tho'  there  is  no  Law  againit  it; 
fo  Separating  from    a  National  Body 
and  from  the^PublickWorfiiip,  is  cer- 
tainly an  ill  thing,  unlcfs  fome  Sin  be 
committed   there,  in  which   we  think 
ourfclves  involved,    by    joining   with 
that  Body,  and  in  that  Worlhip:    So 
that  the  Toleration  is  only  a  Freedom 
from  Punilhment,    and   does  not  alter 
the  nature  of  the  thing.  ^^^^ 

I  fay    not  this  from  any  Ditlike  of  T  j^^ 
Toleration  J  I  think  it  is  a  Right  due  pcffecut^ 

to  0^. 


[1^1 

to  all  Men;  their  Thoughts  are  not  in 
their  own  power;    they  rauft  think  of 
things,  as  they  appear  to  rhem;     their 
Conlciences  are  God's ;  he  only  knows 
them,    and   he  only  can  change  them. 
And  as  the  Authority  of  Parents  over 
their   Children  is  antecedent  to  Socie- 
ty, and  no  Law,  that  takes  it  away, 
can  be  binding ;  fo  Men  are  bound,  an- 
tecedently to  all  Society,    to    follow 
what  appears  to  them  to  be  the  Will 
of  Goci ;  and,  if  Men  would  a^rt  ho- 
neftly,  the  Rule  of  doing  to  a!l  others 
what  we  would  have  others  do  to  us, 
would   foon   determine   this    mattery 
lince    every    honefl   Man    muft    own, 
that   he  would   think   himfelf   hardly 
dealt  with,  if  he  were  ill  ufcd  fcr  his 
Opinions,    and    for   performing    fuch 
Parts  of  Worlliip,  as  he  thought  him- 
felf indifpenfably  obliged  to.     Indeed 
the  Church  of  Rome  has   fome  colour 
for  her  Cruelty,  fmce   fhe  pretends  to 
be  infallible,       }3ut  thefe  Pradices  are 
abfurdly     iinreafonable   among   thofc, 
who  own  that  they  may  be  miftaken, 
and   {o    may  be  pcrfecuting  the  inno- 
cent and  the  Orthodox.     Perfecution, 
if  it  were  lawful  at  all,    ought   to  be 
extreme,    and   go,  as  it    does    in  the 
Church  of  Rome^  to  Extirpation  ;  for 
the  bad  Treatment  of  thofe,    who  are 

fuffered 


I 


^ 


I 


fu-ffercd  ftillto  live  m  a  Society,  is  the 
creating  fo  many  Malecontenrs,  who 
at  fome  time  or  other  may  make  thofe, 
who  treat  them  ill,  feel  their  Revenge: 
And  the    Principle  of  Perfecution,    if 
true,  is  that,  to  which  all  have  a  Right, 
when  they  have  a  Power    fo  put   it  in 
Practice  :  Since  they,    being  perfuaded 
that  they  are  in  the  Right,  from  that 
muft  believe  they  may   lawfully  exert 
againft   others  that    Severity,     under 
which  they  groaned  long  themfelves. 
This  will  be  aggravated  in  them  by 
the  Voice  oi^  Revenge,  which  vs   too 
apt  to  be  well  heard  by  human  Nature, 
chiefly   when   it  comes  with  the  Mask 
and  Appearance  of  Z*eal.     I  add  not 
here  any  Political  Confiderations,  from 
the    apparent     Intereft    of    Nations, 
which  nvjft  difpofe  them  to  encourage 
the  Encreafc   of  their  People,   to   ad- 
vance Induftry,  and  to  become  a  Sanc- 
tuary to  all,  who  are  opprellcd  :    But 
tho'  this  is  vifible  and  is  confcfled  by 
all,    yet  I   am   now  confiderinj   this 
Matter  only  as  it  is  righteous,  jull,  and 
merciful,    in  the   Principle;    for  if  it 
.  were  not  fo  well  fupported  in  thofc 
rcfpefts, other  Motives  would  only  be 
a  Temptation  to  Princes  and  States  to 
be  governed  by  Interell,  more  than  by 

their  Duty. 

Having 


My 

rhoiights 
ronccrn- 
irig  the 
Clergy. 


i 


% 


.  r 

L  '  ~*    < 

Having  thus  given  my  Thoughts  in 
general,  with  relation  to  the  Conltitu- 
tion  ol  our  Church  and  the  Communi- 
on  with  it,    I  Ihall  proceed,   in  the 
next  place,    to  that   which  is    ipecial 
with  relation  to  the  Clergy.     I  have 
faid  a  great  deal  on  this  Head,  in  my 
Book   of  the  ^Vajioral  CarCy  which  of 
all  the  Tnids  I  ever  wrote,  is  that  in 
which  I  rejoice  the  moll:    And,  tho* 
it   has  brought  much   Anger    on  me 
from  thofe,  who  will  not  fubmit  to  the 
Plan  there  laid  down,  yet  it  has  done 
much  Good  during  my  own  Life,  and 
I  hope  it  will  do  yet  more  good,    af- 
ter I  am   dead :    This  is  a  Subject   I 
have  thought  much   upon,    and    fo  I 
will  here  add   fome  things,    to  what 
will  be  found  in  that  Book. 

No  Man  ought  to  think  of  thisPro- 
ward'^Vo-  f^^on,  unlcfs  he  feels  within  himfelf  a 
Love  to  Religion,   with  a  Zeal  for  it, 
and  an  internal  true  Piety ;    which  is 
chiefly  kept  up  by  fecret  Prayer,   and 
by  reading  of  the  Scriptures :  As  long 
.  as  thefe   things  are  a   Man's  Burden, 
they  arc  infallible  Indications,  that  he 
has  no  inward  Vocation,    nor  Morion 
of  the  Holy   Ghoft   to  undertake   it. 
The  Capital  Error  in  Men's  preparing 
themfelves  for  that  Function    is,  that 
they  ftudy  Books  more  than,  them- 
felves, 


An  Tn- 


cation. 


W 


^(f 


j      I  c     j 

"^j  and  that  they  read  Divinity 
more  in  other  Books,  than  in  the 
Scriptures:  Days  of  Prayer,  Medita- 
tion, and  Failing,  at  leail  once  a 
Quarter  in  the  Ember  Week,  in  which 
they  may  read  over  and  over  again 
both  Offices  of  Ordination,  and  get 
by  heart  thofe  Paffages  in  the  Epiftles 
to  Timcthy  and  Titus^  that  relate  to 
this  Function,  would  form  their 
Minds  to  a  right  Senfe  of  it,  and  be 
an  effc6kual  mean  to  prepare  them  du- 
ly for  it. 

Ask  yourfelves  often  (for  thus  I  ad- 
drefsmy  felf  to  you,  as  if  I  were  flill 
alive)  would  you  follow  that  courfe 
of  Life,  if  there  were  no  fettled  Etlab- 
lifhment  belonging  to  it,  and  if  you 
were  to  preach  under  the  Crofs,  and 
in  Danger  of  Perfecution?  For  till 
you  arrive  at  that,  you  are  yet  carnal, 
and  come  into  the  Priefthood,  for  a 
Piece  of  Bread  :  Study  to  keep  alive 
in  you  a  Flame  of  exalted  Devotion  ; 
be  talking  often  to  yourfelves,  and 
communing  with  your  own  Hearts; 
digeftall  that  you  read  carefully,  that 
you  may  remember  it  fo  well,  as  not 
to  be  at  a  lofs  when  any  Point  of  Di- 
vinity is  talked  of:  A  little  Study 
well  digefted,  in  a  good  ferious  Mmd, 
will  go  a  great  way,  and  will   lay  in 

Materials 


The 

Fun£lion 
of  the 
Clergy. 


L  ^''  I 
Materials  for  your  whole  Life:  Above 
all  things,  raife  within  yourfelves  a 
Zeal  for  doing  Good,  and  for  gaining 
Souls;  indeed  I  have  lamented,  during 
my  whole  Life,  that  I  faw  lb  little 
true  Zeal  among  our  Clergy :  I  faw 
much  of  it  in  the  Clergy  of  the  Church 
of  Rowey  tho'  it  is  both  ill  directed  and 
ill  conducted  :  I  faw  much  Zeal  like- 
wife  throughout  the  foreign  Churches: 
The  Diflcnters  have  a  great  deal  a- 
mong  them,  but  I  mull  own,  that  the 
main  Body  of  our  Clergy  has  always 
appeared  dead  and  lifelels  to  me ;  and 
inllead  of  animating  one  another,  they 
feem  rather  to  lay  one  another  aflcep. 
Without  a  vifible  Alteration  in  this, 
you  will  fall  under  an  univerfal  Con- 
tempt, and  lofe  both  the  Credit  and 
the  Fruits  of  your  Miniftry. 

When  you  are  in  Orders,  be  ever 
ready  to  perform  all  the  Parts  of  your 
Fundion ;  be  not  anxious  about  a  Set- 
tlement ;  (ludy  to  diftinguilh  your- 
felves  in  your  Studies,  Labours,  exem- 
plary Deportment,  and  a  juft  Sweet- 
nefs  of  Temper,  managed  with  Gra- 
vity and  Difcretion;  and  as  for  what 
concerns  yourfelves,  depend  on  thc^ 
Providence  of  God;  for  he  will  in  due 
time  raife  up  Friends  and  Benefadlors 
to  you*      I  do  afSrm  this,  upon  the 

Obfcr. 


1  /         J 

Obfervation  of  my  whole  Life,  that 
I  never  knew  any  one,  who  conduct- 
ed himfclf  by  thcfe  Rules,  but  he  was 
brougfar  inro  good  Polls,  or  at  Icall  in- 
\  /    to  an  qaiy  State  of  Sablillence. 

Do  not  affeft  to  run  into  new  Opini- 
ons,nor  to  heat  yourfelves  in  Difputes, 
about   Matters  of  fmall  Importance: 
Begin  with  fettling  in  your  Minds  the 
Foundations   of  your  Faith;    and  be 
full  of  this,  and  ready  at  it,  that  you 
may  know  how  to  deal  with  Unbelie- 
vers; for  that  is  the  fpreading  Corrup- 
tion  of  this  Age:    There  are  few  A- 
theills,  but  many    Infidels,    who    are 
I     indeed  very   little  better  than  the  A- 
lU  theifts.    In  this  Argument,  you  ought 
W  to  take  pains  to  have  all  well  digeiled, 
and  clearly   laid  in    your  Thoughts, 
that  you  may  manage  the  Controverfy 
gently,without  any  Afperity  of  words, 
but   with    a  Strength  of  Reafon:  In 
difputing,    do  not  offer  to  anfwer  any 
Argument,  of  which  you  never  heard 
before,    and  know  nothing  concerning 
*  it ;  that  will  both  expofe  you,  and  the 
Caufc  you  maintain;  and,  if  you  feel 
Yyourfelves grow  too  warm  at  anytime, 
break   off  and  perfift"^  no  longer  in  the 
difpute ;  for  you  may  by   that  grow 
to  an  indecent  heat,  by  which  you  may 
wrong  the  Caufe,    which  you  codea- 
\  B  Voiir 


J 


c 


■^  1 


vour  to  defend.  In  the  Matter  of  Myf- 
teries  be  very  cautious;  for  the  Sim- 
plicity, in  which  thofc  fublime  Truths 
are  delivered  in  the  Scriptures,  ought 
to  be  well  lludicd  and  adhered  to  : 
Only  one  part  of  the  Argument  fhould 
be  infifted  on,  I  mean,  the  Shortnefs 
and  Defe6livcnefs  of  our  Faculties ; 
which  being  well  confidered,  will  af- 
ford a  great  Variety  of  noble  Specu- 
lations, that  are  obvious  and  eafily  ap- 
f)rehended,  to  reftrain  the  wanton  Sal- 
ies  of  fome  petulant  Men. 

Study  to  underfland  well  the  Con- 
troverfies  of  the  Church  of  Ro?rjej 
chiefly  thofe  concerning  Infallibility 
and  Tranfubftantiation  ;  for,  in  ma- 
naging thofe,  their  Miffionaries  have 
a  particular  Addrefs.  Learn  to  view 
Popery  in  a  true  Light,  as  a  Confpi- 
racy  to  exalt  the  Power  of  the  Cler- 
gy, even  by  fubjcding  the  moll  facred 
Truths  of  Religion  to  Contrivances 
for  raifing  their  Authority,and  by  offer- 
ing to  the  World  another  Method  of 
being  faved,  befides  that  prcfcribed  in 
the  Gofpel.  Popery  is  a  Mafs  of  Im- 
poftures,  fupported  by  Men,  who  ma-» 
nagc  them  with  great  Advantages,  and 
impofe  them  with  inexprelTible  Severi- 
ties, on  thofc  who  dare  call  any  thing 
ill  qucftion,  that  they  dictate  to  them. 

I  fee 


i/ 


I  fee  a  Spirit  rifing  among  us,  too  like 
that  of  the  Church  of  Ro?/ie^  of  ad- 
vancing the  Clergy  beyond  their  dnc 
Authority,  to  an  unjull  Pitch :  This 
rather  heightens  Jealoufics  and  Preju- 
dices againil  us,  than  advances  our  real 
Authority;  and  it  will  fortify  the  De- 
figns  of  prolane  Infidels,  who  dcfir^ 
nothing  more  than  to  fee  the  publick 
Miniftry  ot  the  Church  firjfl  difgraccd, 
and  then  aboliilicd.  The  carrying  any 
thing  too  far  does  commonly  lead  Men 
into  the  other  Extream  :  We  arc  the 
Difpenfers  of  the  Word  and  Sacra- 
ments; and  the  more  faithful  and  dili- 
gent we  are  in  this,  the  World  will 
pay  fo  much  the  more  Rcfpe6i:  and 
Submiffion  to  us:  And  our  maintain- 
ing an  Argument  for  more  Power, 
than  we  now  have,  will  be  of  no  ef- 
fe6l:,  unlcfs  the  World  {ccs^  that  we 
make  a  good  ufe  of  the  Authority, 
that  is  already  in  our  hands  :  It  is  with 
the  Clergy  as  with  I'rinccs;  the  only 
way  to  keep  their  Prerogative  from  be- 
ing uneafy  to  their  Subjedls,  and  from 
being  difputed,  is  to  manage  it  whol- 
ly for  their  Good  and  Advantage; 
then  all  will  be  for  it,  when  they  find 
it  is  for  them  :  This  will  prevail  more 
cffedually,  than  all  the  Arguments  of 
Lawyers,  with  all  the  Precedents  of 

B  a  former 


former  Times.  Therefore  let  the  Cler-* 
gy  live  and  labour  well,  and  they  will 
leel  that  as  much  Authority  ^vill  fol- 
low that,  as  they  will  know  how  to 
manage  well.  And  to  fpcak  plainly; 
Dodwel's  extravagant  Notions,  which 
have  been  too  much  drunk  in  by  the 
Clergy  in  my  time,  have  weakncd  the 
Power  of  the  Church,  and  foured 
Men's  Minds  more  againft  it,  than  all 
the  Books  wrote,  or  Attempts  made 
againft  it,  could  ever  have  done  :  And 
indeed,  the  fecret  Poifon  of  thofe  Prin- 
ciples has  given  too  many  of  the  Cler- 
gy a  Biafs  towards  Popery,  with  an 
Averfion  to  the  Reformation,  which 
has  brought  them  under  much  Con- 
tempt. This  is  not  to  be  recovered, 
but  by  their  living  and  labouring,  as 
they  ought  to  do,  without  an  eager 
maintaining  of  Arguments  for  their 
Authority,  which  will  never  fucceed, 
'till  they  live  better  and  labour  more: 
When  I  fay  live  better,  I  mean,  not 
only  to  live  without  Scandal,  which  I 
have  found  the  greateft  part  of  them 
do,  but  to  lead  exemplary  Lives;  to 
be  eminent  in  Humility,  Meekncfs,  So- 
briety, Contempt  of  the  World,  and 
"unfeigned  Love  of  the  Brethren  ;  ab- 
ftrafted  irom  the  vain  Converfation  of 
the  Wgrld,  retired,    and  at   home, 

faftiflg 


i 


} 


fading  often,  joining  Prayer  and  Medi- 
tation with  it ;  without  which,  fafting 
may  do  well  with  relation  to  the  Bo- 
dy, but  will  fignify  little  with  relati- 
on to  the  Mind. 

If,  to  fuch  a  courfe  of  Life,  Cler- 
gymen would  add  a  little  more  La- 
bour, not  only  performing  publick 
Offices,  and  preaching  to  the  Edifica- 
tion of  the  People,  but  watching  over 
them,  inftruding  them,  exhorting,  re- 
proving, and  comforting  them,  as  oc- 
cafion  is  given,  from  Houfe  to  Houfe, 
making  their  Calling  the  Bufinefs  of 
their  whole  Life  ;  they  would  foon 
find  their  own  Mir  In  grow  to  be  in  a 
better  Temp  r%  i  People  would 

fhew  more  t  m  and  Regard  for 
them, and  a  Blelfmg  from  God  would  at- 
tend upon  their  Labours.  I  fay  it  with 
great  regret,  I  have  obferved  the  Cler- 
gy, in  all  the  Places  thro'  which  I  have 
travelled,  Papifts,  Lutherans,  Calvi- 
nifts,  and  Diflfenters  ;  but  of  them  all, 
our  Clergy  is  much  the  moll  remifs  in 
their  Labours  in  private,  and  the  leaft 
fevere  in  their  Lives.  Do  not  think  I 
fay  this  to  expofc  you,  or  to  defame 
this  Church ;  thofe  Cenfures  have 
pafs'd  on  me  for  my  Freedom  during 
my  Life,  God  knows  how  unjuftly, 
my  Defigns  being  all  to  awaken  the 

B  3  Clergy, 


Clerg)',  and  by  that  means  to  prefervc 
the  Church  ;  for  which,  He,  who 
knows  all  things,  knows  how  much 
and  how  long  1  have  been  mourning 
in  fecrct,  and  fading  and  praying  be- 
fore him.  And  let  me  fay  this  treely 
to  you,  now  that  I  am  out  of  the  reach 
6fEaivy  and  Cenfurc,  unlefs  abetter 
Spirit  polfclles  the  Clergy,Arguments, 
(and  which  is  more  )  Laws  and  Au- 
thority will  not  prove  ftrong  enough 
to  prefervc  the  Church  ;  efpccially  if 
the  Nation  obferves  a  Progrefs  in  that 
Biafs,  which  makes  many  lo  favourable 
to  Popcrv,  and  fo  fevere  towards  the 
Pilienters  ^  this  will  recommend  them 
the  more  to  Pity  and  Favour,  and  will 
draw  a  general  Odium  upon  you,  that 
may  end  in  your  Ruin,  or  in  a  Perfe- 
cution  ;  for  which  the  Clergy  of  this 
Ago  fecm  to  be  very  little  prepared  : 
God  grant  thofc  of  the  next  may  be 
more  fo. 

Oh  my  Brethren,  (for  I  fpeak  to 
you  as  if  I  were  among  you,)  think 
what  manner  of  Perfons  yon  ought  to 
be,  in  all  Holy  Converfation  and  God- 
linefs,  thatfo  you  may  fliincas  Lights, 
in  the  World  :  Think  of  tho  Account 
you  mull  give,  for  thofc  Immortal 
Souls  committed  to  your  care,  which 
were  redeemed  by  the  Blood  of  Chrift, 

who 


who  has  fcnt  you  in  his  Name,  to  per-  . 
fuade  them  to  be  reconciled  to  God, 
and  at  lafl:  to  prefcnt  them  to  him 
faultlefs  with  exceeding  Joy ;  he  fees 
and  obferves  your  Labours,  and  will 
recompence  them  glorioufly  in  that 
great  jDay. 

I  leave  all  thefe  things  on  your  Con- 
fciences,  and  pray  earneflly  that  God 
may  givehisBlelling  to  this  pofthumous 
Labour  of  mine,  that  our  Church  may 
be  fo  built  up  by  your  Labours,  that 
it  may  continue  to  be  long  the  Joy  of 
the  whole  Earth,  in  the  Pcrfedion  of 
its  Beauty,  and  may  be  a  Pattern,  as 
well  as  give  ProtecStion,  to  all  the 
Churches  of  God.  ka    aa  - 

I  oow  turn  to   my  Brethren    and^J^^^he 
Succeflbrs   in  the  Epifcopal    Order :  ^jfl^ops. 
You  are  they  in  whole  hands  the  Go- 
verment  of  the  Church  is  put ;  in  fornc 
refpecSs  it  is  believed   to  oe  wholly  in 
you,  tho'  I  know,  and  have  have  often 
felt  it,  that  your  Power  is  fo  limited, 
that  you  can  do  little  ;  Exemptions 
(a  fcandalous    Remnant    of  Popery) 
take  a  great  part  of  your  Dioccfs  out 
of  your  hands.     This  I  have    often 
wondered  at,  that  fome  who  plead, 
tiut  the  Goverment  of  the  Church  is 
fettled  by  Divine  Authority  in  the  Bi* 
jptops,  can  yet,  by  the  virtue  of  Papal 

Bulls, 


Bulls,  confirmed  by  an  unhappy  Claufc 
in  an  Aft  of  Parliament,   excrcifc  E- 
pifcopal  Jurifdicaion  ;  which  is  plainly 
to  ad  by  virtue  of  the  Secular  rower, 
in  oppofition  to  that,  which,  accord- 
ing to  their  Principles,   is  fettled   by 
a  Divine  Appointment.     Archdeacons 
Vilitations  were  an  Invention   of  the 
latter    Ages,   in  which  the  Bifliops, 
neglcfting  their  Duty,  caft    a  great 
part  of  their  Care  upon  them  :  Now 
their  Vifitations    are  only  for  Form 
and  for  Fees  j  and  they  arc  a  Charge 
on  the  Clergy  ;  fo,  when  this  Matter 
is  well  looked  into,  I  hope  Archdea- 
cons, with  many  other  Burdens  that 
lay  heavy  on  the  Clergy,  Ihall  be  ta- 
ken away.      A  i  the  various    Inftru- 
iMcnts,  upon  which  heavy  Fees   muft 
be  raifed,  were  the  infamous  Contri- 
vances of  the  Canonifts,  and  can  never 
be  maintained,    when  well  examined. 
I  fay  nothing  to  you  of  your  Lives,  I 
hope  you  arc  and  fhall  ever  be  Ihining 
Lights;  Iwifh  the  Pomp  of  Living, 
and  the  keeping  high  Tables  could  be 
quite  taken  away  ;  it  is  a  great  Charge, 
and  no  very  decent  one  ;  a  great  Dc- 
vourer  of  Time;  it  lets  in  much  pro- 
mifcuous    Company,    and  much  vain 
Difcourfc  upon  you:   Even    Civility 
/nay  carry  you  too  far,  in  a  Freedom 

and 


C  55  1 

and  Familiarity,   that  ikc  you 

look  too  like  the  reft  of  the  World ;  I 
hope  this  is  a  Burden  to  you  :  It  was 
indeed  one  of  the  greateft  Burdens  of 
•my  Life,  to  fee  fo  much  Time  loft,  to 
hear  fo  much  idle  Talk,  and  to  be 
living  in  a  luxurious  Wafte  of  that, 
which  might  have  been  much  better 
bcftowed.  I  had  not  ftrengh  enough 
to  break  thro*  that,  which  Cuftom  has 
impofedonthofe,  provided  with  plen- 
tiful Biftiopricks  ;  I  pray  God  to  help 
j^ou  to  find  a  decent  way  of  laying 
this  down. 

The  Wives  and  Children  of  Bifliops 
ought  to  be  exemplary  in  their  Appa- 
rel, and  in  their  whole  Deportment; 
remembring  that  no  parr  of  the  Bi- 
fliops Honours  belongs  to  them  :  The 
Wife  of  a  Bilhop  ought  to  vifit  the 
Widow  and  the  Fatherlefs,  and  by  a 
grave  Authority,  inftrucft  and  admo- 
nilh  as  well  as  oblige  and  favour  the 
Wives  of  the  reft  ot  the  Clergy. 

The  Children  of  Bifliops  ought  to 
be  well  inftrudled,  and  managed  with 
all  Gravity  ;  Bifliops  ought  not  to 
prefs  them  beyond  their  inclination^^  "^ 
take  Orders  :  For  this  looks  as  if  they 
would  thruft  them,  how  unfit  or  un- 
willing foever,  into  fuch  Preferments 
as  they  can  give  or  procure  for  them : 

On 


i.. 


1,6-] 

On  the  contrary,  tho'  their  Children 
fli  aid  defire  ro  go  into  Orders,  they 
ouohc  not  to  fufier  it,  unlefs  they  fee 
in  ih  m  a  good  Mind  and  linccrelnten- 
tioas,  with  the  other  neceffary  Qua- 
lih  .ati^>ns  ;  in  which  they  cannot  be 
deceived,  unlefs  they  have  a  mind  to 
decr^ive  thcmfelves  :  It  is  a  betraying 
of  their  Truil,  and  the  worfi  fort  of 
Simony,  to  provide  Children  with 
great  Dignities  and  Benefices,  only  as 
an  Eftate  to  be  given  them,  without  a 
due  regard  to  their  Capacities  or  Tem- 
pers. Ordinations  are  the  only  Parts 
ol  the  Epifcopal  FuntHon,  on  which 
the  Law  has  laid  no  Reftraint ;  fo  this 
ought  to  be  heavy  on  your  Thoughts. 
Ordination  Weeks  were  always 
dreadful  Things  to  me,  when  I  re- 
membred  thofe  Words,  L.ay  Hands 
fuddenly  on  no  Mav^  be  not  Partaker  of 
other  Men's  Sins  :  Keep  thyfelfpnre.  It 
is  rrue,  thofe  who  came  to  me  were 
generally  well  prepared  as  to  thei;-  Stu- 
dies, and  they  brought  Teftimonials 
and  Titles,  which  is  all    that  in  our 

frcfcnt  Conftitution  can  be  demanded  : 
never  put  over  the  examining  them 
to  my  (Jhaplains :  I  did  that  always 
niyfelf,  and  examined  tlicm  chiefly  on 
the  Proofs  of  Revealed  Religion,  and 
the  Terms  of  Salvation,  and  the  new 

Covenant 


t 


t 


I 


? 


r 


L^7l 

Covenant  thro'  Chrift  ;  for  thofe  arc 
the  Fundamentals :  But  my  principal 
Care  was  to  awaken  their  Confciences, 
to  make  them  conlider  whether   they 
had  a  Motion  of  the  Holy  Ghoft,  cal- 
ling them  to    the  Fundion,    and   to 
make  them  apprehend,  what  belonged 
both  to  a  Spiritual  Life,  and  to  the 
Paftoral  Care.     On  thefc    Subjeds  I 
fpoke  much  and  often  to  every  one  of 
tnem  a-part,  and  fometimes  to  them  all 
together,  belides  the  publick  Exami- 
nation of  them  with  my  Chapter. 

This  was  all  that  I  could  do  :  But  An  Txpe. 
alas!  how  defective  is  this!  Audit  is  ^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
too  well  known  how  eafy  the  Clergy  o'j|JJfjj. 
are,   in  figning    Teftimonials:    That  ons. 
which  I  here  propofc  is,  that  every 
Man,    who    intends    to  be    ordained, 
Ihould  be  required  to   come  and  ac- 
quaint the  Biftiop   with  it  a  Year  be- 
fore: that  fo  he  may  then  talk  to  his 
Confcience,  and  give  him  good  Direc- 
tions, both  as  to  his  Studies  and  the 
Courfe  of  his  Life  and  Devotions;  and 
that  he  may  recommend  him  to  the 
Care  and  Infpcdion  of  the  beft  Cler- 
gymen,  that  he  knows  in  the  Neigh- 
bourhood where  he  lives;  that  fo  he 
may  have  from  him,   by  fomc  other 
Conveyance  than  the  Perfon  concer- 
ned, fuch  aa  Account  of  him  as  he  may 

rely 


ft 


of  a  Bi- 
{hop. 


[aS] 

rely  on.    This  is  all  that  can  be  pro- 
pofed,  till  our  Univerfities  are  put  in 
a  better  Method,   or  till  Seminaries 
can  be  raifed,  for  maintaining  a  num- 
ber of  Perfons,  to  be  duly  prepared 
for  holy  Orders. 
TheDutles      As  to  the  Labours    of  a  Bifhop, 
they  ought  to  think  themfelves  obliged 
to  preach,  as   much  as   their  Health 
and  Age  can  admit  of;  this  the  Form 
of  ordaining  Bifhops  fees  before  them, 
together  with  the  Senfe  of  the  Church 
in  all  Ages;  the  complaint  ot'the  beft 
Men,  in  thc5  worft  Ages,  ihews  how- 
much  the  Sloth  and  Lazinefs  of  Bi- 
fliops  will  be  cried   out  on,  and  how 
acceptable    the  Labours  of  preaching 
Biftiops  have  always  been  :   The  Peo- 
ple run  to  hear  them,    and  hearken  to 
their  Sermons,   with  more  than  ordi- 
nary Attention  :    You  will  find  great 
Comfort  in  your  Labours    this    way, 
and  will  fee  the  Fruits  of  them.     The 
difcreet  Conduft  of  your  Clergy  is  to 
be  your  chief  care  ;    keep  not  at  too 
great  a  diftance,    and  yet  let  them  not 
grow   too  familiar  :    A  Bilhop's  dif- 
courfe  Ihould  be  well  feaibned,  turned 
chiefly  to  good  Subjeds,  Inftruftion 
in  rhc     utters   of  Religion,  and  the 
Pa  r--  And  the  more  diverting 

on  jhc  CO  be  matters  of  Learning, 

Cri^ 


t  ^P  ] 
Criticifm,  or  Hiftory.     It   is  in   the 
power  of  a  Biftiop  to  Jet  no  Man  de^ 
Jpi/e  him. 

A  grave  but  fweet  Deportment  and 
y  I  ^  a  holy  Converfation  will  coniin^nd  a 
general  RefpeA  ;  and  as  for  fome  hot 
and  froward  Spirits,  the  Icfs  they  arc 
meddled  with,  they  will  be  the  Icfs 
able  to  do  mifchief ;  they  delight  ia 
oppofition,  w  hich  they  think  will  make 
them  the  more  confiderable*  I  have 
had  much  experience  this  way,  no- 
thing mortifies  them  fo  much  as  ne- 
gle<5l  ;  the  more  abflra'^led  Bifhops 
live  (from  the  World,  from  Courts, 
from  Cabals,  and  from  Parties)  they 
will  have  the  more  quiet  within  them- 
felves; their  Thoughts  will  be  free  and 
lefs  intangled,  and  they  will  in  con- 
clufion  be  the  more  refpedtcd  by  all, 
efpecially  if  an  Integrity  and  a  juft, 
Freedom  appear  among  them  in  the 
Houfe  of  iiOrds,  where  they  will  be 
much  obferved  ;  and  Judgments  will 
be  made  of  them  there,  that  will  fol- 
low them  home  to  their  DiocefTes. 

Nothing  will   alienate  the  Nation  Their  Ab- 
more  from  them,    than  their  becoming  ftra£tion 
Tools  to  a  Court,  and  giving  up  the  p  "^ 
Liberties  of  their  Country,  and  ad-  3nd"in- 
vancing  Arbitrary  Defigns  ;    nothing  trigues. 
will  work  mgrc  cffcftualiy  on  the  Dil- 

fcn-tcrs, 


S 


/' 


C3ol 

fenters,  than  a  courfe  of  Moderation 
towards  them  ;  this  will  dilarm  their 
Pallions,  and  when  that  is  done,  they 
may  be  better  dealt  with  in  point  of 
Reafon  ;  all  care  ought  to  be  taken, 
to  ftifle  new  Contioverlks  in  their 
birth,  to  check  new  Opinions  and  vain 
Curiolities. 

Upon  the  whole  matter,  Biftiops 
ought  to  confider,  that  the  honour 
given  them,  and  the  Revenues  belong- 
ing to  them,  are  fuch  Rewards  for 
former  Services,  and  fuch  Encourage- 
ments to  go  on  to  more  Labour  and 
Diligence,  as  ought  to  be  improved, 
as  fo  many  Helps  and  Advantages  for 
carrying  on  the  Work  of  the  Gofpel, 
and  their  heavenly  Father's  bufmefs : 
They  ought  to  meditate  on  thefe  things j 
and  he  ijohoUy  in  them ;  fo  that  their 
profiting  may  appear  to  all.  They  ought 
to  preach  infeafon^  and  out  of  feafon^  to 
eshort^  admonijh^  and  rebuke^  isiith  all 

Authority. 

But  if  they  abandon  themfelvcs  to 
Sloth  and  Lilenefs,  if  they  ncgleft 
their  proper  Function,  and  follow  a 
fccular,  a  vain,  a  covetous  or  a  luxu- 
rious Courfe  of  Life  ;  if  they,  not  con- 
tent with  educating  their  Children 
well,  and  with  fuch  a  Competency  as 
may  fee  them  afloat    in   the  World, 

think 


I 


in 


( 


r3ii 

think  of  building  up  their  ownHoufes, 
and  raifmg  up  great  Eltates,  ihey  vmU 
put  the  World  on  many  unacceptal  ie 
Enquiries:    Wherefore  is  this  Waite 
made  ?    Why  are  thefe  Revenues  con- 
tinued to  Men,    who  make  fuch  an  ill 
ufe  of  them  ?    and  why    is    an  Order 
kept  up,  that  does  the  Church  fo  lit- 
tle good,    and  gives  ic  lb  much  Scan- 
dal ?    The  Violences    of  Archbiihop 
Laud^     and   his   promoting  ar'»)irrary 
Power  ruined  himielf  and  the  Cnurch 
both.     A  return  of  the  like  pradices 
will  bring  with    it    the    like  dreadlul 
Confequences :   The  Labours  and   the 
Learning,  the   Moderation  and    good 
Lives  ot  the  Bifhops  of  this  Age  have 
changed  the  Nation  much,  with  rela- 
tion to  them,  and  have  pofTefTcd  them 
of  a  general  Efteem  ;    fome  fiery  Spi- 
rits only  excepted,  who  hate  and  re- 
vile them  for  that,  which  is  their  true 
Glory:    I  hope  another  Age  may  car- 
ry this  yet  much  further,  that  fo  they 
may  be  univerfally  looked  on  as  the 
true  and  tender-hearted  Fathers  of  the 

Church. 

The  Affinity  of  the  matter  leads  me,  Concern'- 
before  I  enter  on  another  Scene,  to  fay  ing  Pa- 
fomewhat  concerning  the  Patronage  of"°*^- 
Benefices,  which  have  a  Care  of  Souls 

belonging  to  them :   it  is  a  noble  Dig- 
nity 


c 


^ 


a  Family  ;   it  was  highly  ef- 
in  the  times  of  Popery,  be- 


nity  m 
teemed 

caul'e  the  Patron  was  to  be  named,  in 
all    the  Maffcs    faid   in   his  Church  : 
There  is  a  more  real  value  in  it  in  our 
Conftitution,   lince  the  Patron  has  the 
Nomination  of  him,  to  whom  the  Care 
of  Souls  is  to  be    committed^  which 
mull  take  place,  unlefs  fome  juft  and 
legal  Ex'ception  can  be  made   by  the 
Bifhop.     Even  that  is  not  eafy  to  be 
maintained,    in    the    Courts   of  Law, 
where  the  Bilhop  will  foon  be  run  into 
fo  great  an  Ex  pence,  that  I  am  afraid 
many,  rather  than  venture  on  that,  re- 
ceive unworthy  Men  into  the  ferviceof 
the  Church,  who  are  in  the  fequel  Re- 
proaches  to   it ;  and  this  is  often  the 
cafe  of  the  richeft  and  beft-endowcd 
Benefices.     Some  fell   the    next   Ad- 
vowfon,  which  I  know  is  faid  to  be  le- 
gal, tho'   the  Incumbent    lies   at    the 
point  of  Death ;  others  do  not  flick  to 
buy  and  fell  Benefices,  when  open  and 
vacant,  tho'  this  is  declared  to  be  Si- 
mony  by   Law  :    Parents  often    buy 
them  for  their  Children,  and  reckon 
that    is  their  Portion;    in  that  cafe, 
it   is   true,    there  is   no   Perjury    in 
taking  the  Oath,  for  the  Perfon  pre- 
fented  is  no  party  to  the  Bargain :  Of- 
ten Ecclcfiafticks  thcmfclves  buy  the 

next 


L  33  ] 
next  Advowfon,   and   lodge    it   with 
Trullecs  for  their  own  Advantage. 

Where  nothing  of  all  this  Traffick 
intervenes,    Patrons   bellow   Benefices 
U     on  their  Children  or  Friends,  without 
conlidering  either  their  Abilities   or 
Merit  ;  Favour  or  Kindred  being  the 
only    thing   that    weighs   with    them. 
When   all  this  is  laid  together,  how 
great  a  part  of  the  Benefices  oiRvgland 
aredifpofed  of,  if  not  limoniacally,  yet 
at   leall  unworthily,    without   regard 
to  fo  facred  a  Truir,    as  the  Care  of 
Souls  ?  Certainly  Patrons,  who  with- 
out due  Care  and  Enquiry,  put  Souls 
into  bad  hands,  have  much  to  anfwcr  for. 
I    will    not    fay,  that  a  Patron  is 
bound   always  to   beflow  his  Church 
on  the  bcfl  Man  he  can  find ;  that  may 
put  him  on  Anxieties,  out  of  which  it 
will  not  be  eafy  to  extricate  himfelf  ; 
nor  will  it  be  always  poffible  to  bal- 
lance    the    different   Excellencies    of 
Men,  who  may  have  various  Talents, 
that  lie  feveral  ways,  and  all  of  them 
may  be  ufeful,  fome  more,  fome  lefs: 
But  in  this  I  am  politive,    that  no  Pa- 
,  tron   anfwcrs  the  Obligation   of  that 
Fruft,  unlefs  he  is  well  perfuaded,  that 
the  Clerk  he  prcfents  is   a  truly  good 
Man,'   has   a    competent   meafure    of 
Knowledge,  Zeal  and  Difcretion,  fo 

Q  fuited 


-'I 


L  34  1 
fuited  to   the  People,    for  whom  he 
names  him,  that  he  has  reafon  to  be- 
lieve, he  will  be  a  fiiithlbl  Paftor  and  a 
prudent  Guide  to  them. 

Patrons  ought  to  take  this  on  their 
Confcieace,  to  manage  it  with  great 
caution,  and  in  the  Fear  of  God,  and 
not  to  enter  into  that  filthy  Merchan- 
dize pf  the  Souls  of  Men,  which  is  too 
common  ;  it  is  like  to  be  a  Moth  on 
their  Eftates,  and  may  bring  a  Curfe 
on  their  Families,  as  well  as  on  their 
Perfons. 

1  do  not  enter  into  the  fcandalous 
Non-refi-  Practices  of  Non-rcfidcncc  and  Plura- 

Pi.?r?i;      i^^i^s^  ^^'^i^^f^  ^^e  Iheltred  by  fo  many 
jigj  Colours  oi  i.aw  among  us ;    whereas 

the  Church  oi  Romcy  from  whence  we 
bad  thofe  and  many  other  Abufes,  has 
freed  herfelf  frgm  this,  under  which 
we  ftill  labour,  to  our  great  and  juft 
Reproach  :  This  is  fo  fhameful  a  fto- 
fiination  of  Holy  Things,  that  it  ought 
to  be  treated  with  Dcteftation  and 
Horrour  :  Do  fuch  Men  think  on  the 
Vows,  they  made  on  their  Ordination  ; 
on  the  Rules  in  the  Scriptures,  or  on 
the  Nature  of  their  Fundion,  or  that 
k  is  a  Care  of  Souls  ?  How  long,  how 
Ipng  fhall  tjhis  be  the  peculiar  Dif- 
grace  of  our  Church,  which,  for  aught 

I  know,  is  the  only  Church  in  the 

World 


N 


\ 


World  that  tolerates  it  ?    I  mull  add, 
that  I  do  not  reckon  the  holding  poor 
Livingsthat  lie  contiguous, a  Plurality, 
where  both  are  looked  alter,  and  both 
afford  only  a  competent  Maintenance. 
I  have  now  gone  thro'  the  mod  im- 
portant  things,    that    occur    to    rriy 
Thoughts  with  relation  to  the  Clergy :  Concern 
I  turn  next  to  fuch  Obfervations,  Re-  ing  the 
fledions,    and    Advices,  as    relate   to  ^°^>'  ^^ 
the  Laity.     I  begin  with  the  Body  of '^^^  ^'^^ 
the  People  :  The  Commonalty  ot  this-^  *^* 
Nation  are  much   the    happicft,  and 
live  the  eafieft  and  the  mof£  plentiful- 
ly of  any,  that  ever  I  faw  :  they  are 
very  fagacious  and  skilful  in  managing 
all  their  Concerns  ;  but   at   the  lame 
time  it  is  not  to  be  conceived  how  ig- 
norant they  are,  in  the  Matters  of  Re- 
ligion :    The  Diflenters  have  a  much 
larger  fhare     of    Knbwledge   among 
them,  than  is  among  thofc  who  come 
to  our  Churches.     This  is  the  more  to 
be  wondered  at,  confidering  the  Plain- 
nefs,  in  which  Matters  of  Religion  are 
wrote  in  this  Age,  and  the  many  fmalE 
Books  concerning  thcfe,  that  have  been 
publifhed   of  late  Years,  which  go  ac 
eafy  Rates,  and  of  which  manylliou- 
fands   arc  every  Tear  fent  about,  by 
charitable  Societies   in  London^  to  bo 
freely  given-  to  fuch  as  wiU  but  t^e 

C  2  them. 


[36    3 

them,and  read  them  :  So  that  this  Igno- 
rance ibcms  to  be  obftinate  and  incurable. 
Upon  this  Subject,  all  that  I  can 
propofc,  lies  in  two  Advices  to  the 
Clergy  :  The  one  is,  that  they  cate- 
chize the  Youth  much  at  Church,  not 
only  asking  the  Qucftions  and  hearing 
the  Anfwers,  but  joining  to  that  the 
explaining  the  Terms  in  other  Words, 
and  by  turning  to  the  Bible  for  fuch 
Paflages,  as  prove  or  enlarge  on  them : 
The  doing  this  conllantly,  would  in- 
fulc  into  the  next  Age,  a  higher  mea- 
fure  of  Knowledge,  than  the  prefcnt 
is  like  to  be  blefs'd  with.  T  ong  Ser- 
mons, in  which  Points  of  Divinity  or 
Morality  are  regularly  handled,  are 
above  the  Capacity  of  the  People  ; 
Ihort  and  plain  ones,  upon  a  large 
Portion  of  Scripture,  would  be  bet- 
ter hearkened  to,  and  have  a  much 
better  efFed: ;  they  would  make  the 
Hearers  underftand  and  love  the  Scrip- 
tures more.  Preachers  ought  to  dwell 
often,  in  their  Sermons,  on  thofe  Sins 
that  their  Hearers  muft  needs  know 
themfelves  guilty  of,  if  they  are  fo  ; 
fuch  as  Swearing,  Lying,  Cheating, 
Drunkennefs,  Leud  Deportment, 
Breach  of  Promife,  Love  of  the  World, 
Anger,  Envy,  Malice,  Pride  and  Lu- 
xury :    Short  Difcourfcs  upon  thefc, 

iind 


^ 


'f 


J/  J 

and  often  repeated,in  many  Glances  and 
Refleftions  on  them,  fetting  forth  the 
real  Evil  of  them,  with  the  ill  Confe- 
quences   that   follow,    not  only  to  o- 
thers,  but  to  the  Pcrfons  themfelves, 
are  the  befl  means   can  be  thought  of, 
for  reforming  them  ;    and    thele   will 
have  an  effedrt  onfome,  if  not  on  many. 
But  above  all,  and  in  order  to  all  the 
reft,  they  ought  to  be  called  on,  upon 
all  occafions,  to  reflect  on  their  ways, 
to  conlider  how  they  live,  to  pray  in 
fccret  to  God,  confelfing  their  Sins  to 
him,  begging  Pardon    and  Mercy    for 
what  is  paft,  and  his  Holy  Spirit  to 
afTift,  ftrengthen,    and  direft  them  for 
the  time  to  come,  forming  iincere  Re- 
folutions   to   amend  their  ways,  with 
relation  to  every  particular  Sin,  that 
they  find  they  may   have  fallen  into. 
If  the  Clergy  will  faithfully  do  their 
Duty   in  this  method,  and  join  to  it 
earneft  Prayers  for  their  People,    they 
may  hope  thro'  the  blelling  of  God  to 
fucceed  better  in  their  Labours.    The 
People  ought  to  be  often  put  in  mind 
of  the   true  End   of  the  Reft  on  the 
Lord's  Day,    which  is  chiefly  to  give 
them  time  and  Opportunity,  for  Me- 
ditations and  Reflexions  on  themfelves, 
on  what  they  have  faid  or  done,  and 
on  what  has  befallen  them  the  former 
.      -  C  3  Week; 


of  the 
Gentry, 


i  3^  J 

Wjpck  ;  ftfld  to  conlidcr  what  may  be 
belore  them,  in  the  Week  they  are 
entring  tjfi.  Minifters  ought  to  vifit 
their  People,  not  only  when  they  are 
lick  unto  jDeath,  but  when  they  are  in 
an  ill  Hate  ol  Health,  or  when  they 
^re  under  Afflidion  :  Thefe  are  the 
times,  in  which  their  Spirits  are  ten- 
der, and  they  will  bed  bear  with  a  due 
freedom,  which  ought  to  be  managed, 
in  the  difcreetcil  and  moft  aftoftionate 
manner:  And  a  Clergyman  ought  not 
to  be  a  Refpcder  of  rerfons,  and  ne- 
gledt  the  meaneft  of  his  Cure  :  They 
p^vc  as  immortal  Souls  as  thcgreateft, 
^nd  for  which  Chrift  has  paid  the  fame 

^anfom- 

From  the  Commonalty  I  turn  to 
the  Gentry  :  They  arc  for  the  moil 
part  the  worft  inftrudcd,  and  the  lead 
Knowing  of  any  of  their  Rank,  I  ever 
went  amongft.  The  Scotch^  tho'  left 
able  to  bear  the  Expcncc  of  a  learned 
Education,  arc  much  more  knowing : 
The  Reafon  of  which  is  this  j  the 
ScQtcb^  even  of  indifferent  Fortunes, 
fend  private  Tutors  with  their  Chil- 
dren, both  to  Schools  and  Colleges  ; 
thcfe  look  "^"^  ^  '^men 

Morning 
"^vi.th   tht 


y 

'er 


\> 


y 


I 


C  39  ] 
They  generally  go  abroad  a  Year  or 
two,  and  fee  the  World  ;  this  obli- 
ges them  to  behave  themfelves  well. 
Whereas  a  Gentleman  here  is  often 
both  ill  taught  and  ill  bred  :  This 
makes  him  haughty  and  infolent.  The 
Gentry  are  not  early  acquainted  with 
the  Principles  of  Religion :  So  that, 
after  they  have  forgot  their  Catechifm, 
they  acquire  no  more  new  Know- 
ledge, but  what  they  learn  in  Plays 
and  Romances  :  They  grow  foon  to 
find  it  a  modifli  thing,  that  looks  like 
Wit  and  Spirit,  to  laugh  at  Religion 
and  Virtue  ;  and  fo  become  crude  and 
unpoliflied  Infidels.  If  they  have  ta- 
ken a  wrong  Tincture  at  the  Univer- 
fity,  that  too  often  difpofes  them  to 
hate  and  defpife  all  thofe,  who  fepa- 
rate  from  the  Church,  tho'  they  can 
give  no  beffrr  Reafon  than  the  Papifts 
have  for  h  ^?reticks,bccaufe  they 

forfake  the  i  i  :    In  thofe  Seats  of 

Education.  :  iftead  of  bding  formed  to 

and  Cortftitutionj 


love  their  c 
th**  Laws  an 
!         r  difpo 


#    &  ^   sj^'i*^  V 


\    i   ^ 


k 


3  of  it,  they  arc 
Arbitrary  Go- 
become  Slaves  to 
A  Change  of  In- 
or  foitie  other 
-em  right  again 
but  they  have  no 

in- 


The  Dan 
ger  of 
]ofing 
Publick 
Liberty, 


[40I 

inward  Principle  ot  Love  to  theif 
Country,  and  of  publick  Liberty  :  So 
that  they  are  ealily  brought  to  like 
Slavery,  if  they  may  be  the  Tools  for 
managing  it. 

This  is  a  difmal  Rcprefentation  of 
things  ;  I  have  feen  the  Nation  thrice, 
on  the  brink   of  Ruin,   by  Men  thus 
tainted.     After   the   Reftoration,    all 
were  running   fad    into  Slavery  ;    had 
King  Charles  the  Second    been   atten- 
tive "to  thole    bad  Deligns  (which  he 
purfued  afterwards    with  more  cau- 
tion) upon   his  firll:  Return,  Slavery 
and  Abfolute  Power   might  then  have 
been  fettled  into  a  Law,  with  a  Rcv^c- 
venue  able  to  maintain  it  :    He  play'd 
away  that  Game  without  thought,  and 
he   had  then   honcft   Minifters,    who 
would  not  ferve  him  in  it  ;    after  all 
that  he  did,  during  the  Courfc  of  his 
Reign,  it  wasfcarce  credible,  that  the 
flimc  Temper  fliould  have  returned  in 
his  Time  ;    yet  he  recovered  it  in  the 
lall  four  Years  of  his  Reign  ;  and  the 
(jentry  oiEughiud  were  as  Aiirfive  and 
Zealous,  to  throw  up  all  their  Liber- 
ties, as  their  Anccftors  ever  had  been 
to  preferve  them.     This  continued  a- 
bove  half  a  Year  in  his  Brother's  Reign ; 
and  he  depended  lb  much  upon  it,  that 
he  thought  it  could  never  go  out  of., 

his 


« 


1 41  ] 

hfs  hands:  But  he,  or  rather  his  Priefts, 
had  the  Skill  and  Dexterity  to  play  this 
Game  likevviic  away,  and  lofe  it  a  fc- 
cond  time  ;  fo  that,  at  the  Revoluti- 
on, all  feemed  to  come  again  into  their 
Wits.  But  Men,  who  have  no  Prin- 
ciples, cannot  be  fleady  ;  now  the 
greater  part  of  the  capital  Gentry  feem 
to  return  again  to  a  Love  of  Tyranny, 
provided  they  may  be  the  Under-Ty- 
rants  themfelves  ;  and  they  feem  to  be 
even  uneafy  with  a  Court,  when  it 
will  not  be  as  much  a  Court  as  they 
would  have  it.  This  is  a  folly  of  fo  par- 
ticular a  nature,  that  really  it  wants  a 
Name;  it  is  natural  for  poor  Men, 
who  have  little  to  lofe,  and  much 
to  hope  for,  to  become  the  Inrtru- 
ments  of  Slavery  ^  but  it  is  an  extrava- 
gance, peculiar  to  our  Age,  to  fee 
rich  Men  grow  as  it  were  in  love  with 
Slavery  and  Arbitrary  Power.  The 
Root  of  all  this  is,  that  our  Gentry 
are  not  betimes  poireiled  with  a  true 
Mcafure  of  folid  Knowledge  and  found 
Religion,  with  a  Love  to  their  Coun- 
try, a  Hatred  of  Tyranny,  and  a  Z/Cal 
for  Liberty.  ^Ititarch's  Lives,  with 
the  Greek  and  Roman  Hiftory,  ought  to 
be  early  put  in  their  hands  ;  they  ought 
to  be  well  acquainted  with  all  Hiftory, 
more  particularly  that  of  our  own  Na- 
*.     }  tion; 


I,  -+-  J 
tion  ;  which  they  Ihould  not  read  irt 
Abridgments,  but  in  the  fuUeft  and 
moft  copious  Colleftors  of  it,  that 
they  may  fee  to  the  bottom,  what  is 
our  Conftitution,  and  what  are  our 
Laws,  what  are  the  Methods  bad  Prin- 
ces have  taken  to  enflave  us,  and  by 
whatCondu6l  we  have  been  preferved: 
Gentlemen  ought  to  obferve  thefe 
things,  and  to  entertain  one  another 
often  upon  thefe  Subjeds,  to  raifc  in 
thcmfelves,  and  to  fprcad  around  them 
to  all  others  -i  noble  Ardour  for  Law 
and  Liberty.  r  ought  to  under- 

lland  Poper  ,   to  view   it  in   its 

Politicks,  as  well  as  in  its  religious 
Corruptions,  that  they  may  obferve 
and  guard  againft  their  fecreteft  Prac- 
tices '^  particularly  that  main  one,  that 
prevails  fo  fatally  among  us,  of  mak- 
ing us  defpife  the  foreign  Churches, 
and  hate  the  Diflenters  at  home.  The 
whole  Body  of  Proteftants,  if  united, 
might  be  an  equal  Match  to  the  Church 
ot  Rome:  It  is  muchfupcriourto  them 
in  Wealth  and  in  Force,  if  it  were  ani- 
mated with  the  Zeal,  which  the  Mo- 
iiaftick  Orders,  but  chiefly  the  Jefuits^ 
Ipread  thro'  their  whole  Communion  : 
Whereas  the  Reformed  arc  cold  and 
unconcerned,  as  well  as  disjointed  in 
Matters  that  relate  r*   Religion.     The 

chief 


[43l 

chief  Maxim  by  which  Men,  who  have 
a  true   Zeal   for    their    Religion   and 
heir  Country,  ought  to  govern  them- 
Ives,  is,    to  live  within  the  Extent 
^f  their  Eftates,    to  be  above  Lux  .w 
and  Vanity,    and   all   Expence^        t 
wafte  their   Fortunes  :    Luxury  mu^t 
drive  them  to  court  F^vonr^  to  depend 
on  Mihilters,    and  to  afpire  after  Pla- 
ces lind  Penfinns  ;    and  as  the  fcekmg 
aTTcr  theic  docc  oicen   compleat  the 
Ruin  of  broken  Families,  io  in  many 
they  prove  only  a  Reprieve,  and  not 
a  Recovery ;  whereas  he,  wKo  is  con- 
tented with  his  Fortune,  and  meafures 
his  way  of  Living  by  it,  has  another 
Root  within  him  ;  out  of  which  every 
noble  and  generous  Thought  will  na- 
turally fbring.     Publick   Liberty  has 
no  fure  Foundation  but  in  Virtue,  in 
Parfimony    and  Moderation :    Where 
thefe  fail.  Liberty  may  be  preferved 
Accidents  and  Circumftances  of  Af- 
iu. fs,  but  it  has  no  bottom  to  reft  fe- 
curely  on.     A  knowing  and  virtuous 
n      Icman,  who  underltands  his  Reli-^ 
gion  and  loves  it,    who   pra(5iifes  the 
true  Rules  of  Virtue,  without  Affcc- 
^  ration  and  Morofenefs,  who  knows  e- 
qough  of  Law,    to  keep  his  Neigh- 
bours in  order,  and  to  give  them  good 
Advice :    who  keeps  Meetings  for  his 

Coun- 


x/ 


[  44  J 

County,  and  rcilrains  Vice  and  Difor- 
ders  at   them  ;    who  lives  hofpirably, 
frugally  and  charitably  ;   who  refpeils 
and  encourages  good  Clergymen,  and 
worfhipsGod,  both  in  hisFamily  andat 
Church ;  who  educates  hisChildrcn  well, 
who  treats  his  Servants  gently,and  deals 
equitably   with  his  Tenants  and  all  o- 
thers,  with  whom  he  has  any  Concerns; 
fuch  a  Man  (hincs,  and  is  a  publick  Blcf- 
fing  to  all  that  fee  him,    or  come  near 
him.  Some  fuch  Inftances  are  yet  left  a- 
mong  us  J  but  alas  ?  there  are  not  many 
of  them.  Can  there  be  any  thing  more 
barbarous,  or  rather  treacherous,  than 
for  Gentlemen  to  think  it  is  one  of  the 
Honours   of  their  Houfes,    that  none 
iViuft  go  out  of  them  fober  ;     it  is  but 
a  little  more  infamous  to  poifon  them  ; 
and  yet  this  paffcs  as  a  Charadcr  of  a 
noble   Houfe-keeper,    who  entertains 
his  Friends  kindly.     Idlencfs  and  Ig- 
norance are  the  Ruin  of  the  greateft 
part,  who,  if  they  arc  not  fit  tor  bet- 
ter things,  fliould  dcicend  to  any  thing, 
rather   than  fu'dcr  themfclves  to  fink 
into  Sloth  ;    thit  will  carry  them  to 
the  Excelfes  of  Hunting,  Gaming,  and 
Drinking,  which  may  ruin  both  Soul, 
Body  and  Eftate.     If  a    Man,    by  an 
ill-managed  or  a  ncgleftcd  Education, 
is  fo  turnal,    that  every  fort  of  Study 

or 


1:4.5  J 

or 'Reading  is  a  Burden;  then  he 
ought  to  try  if  he  has  a  Genius  to  any 
Mechanifin,  that  may  be  an  Enter- 
tainment to  him  :  The  managing  a 
( i  Garden  is  a  noble,  and  may  be  made 
^  a  ufeful  Amufemcnt ;  the  taking  fome 
part  oi  his  Eftate  into  his  own  hands, 
if  he  looks  carefully  to  it,  will  both 
employ  his  time  well,  and  may  turn 
to  a  good  Account  ;  in  a  word,  fome 
Employments  may  be  better  than  o- 
thcrs  ;  but  there  is  no  Employment 
fo  bad,  as  the  having  none  at  all  ;  the 
Mind  wall  contrad  a  Ruft,  and  an 
Unfitnefs  for  every  good  thing  ;  and  a 
Man  mull  either  hll  up  his  Time  with 
good,  or  at  leafl  innocent  Bufinefs,  or 
it  will  run  to  the  vvorft  fort  of  Wafte, 
to  Sin  and  Vice, 

I  have  often  thought  it  a  great  Er-  Errors  in 
ror,  to  wallc  young  Gentlemens  Years  Hduca- 
fo  long,   in   learning  L<^/;;/,    by  To  te- ^^o"- 
dious  a  Grammar  ;  1  know  thofe  who 
are  bred  to  the  Profeffions   in  Litera- 
ture, muft  have  the  Lati^;  corredly  ; 
and   for   that,  the  Rules  of  Grammar 
are  neceflary  :  but  thefe  are  not  at  all 
rcquifite  to  thofe,    who  need  only  fo 
'much  Latif/y   as  thoroughly  to  under- 
lland  and  delight   in    the  Roma?;  Au- 
thors and  Poets.  But  fuppofe  a  Youth 
had,  either  for  want  of  Memory  or  of  • 

Ap- 


t46] 

AppHcation^  an  incurable  Avcrfion 
to  Latin^  his  Education  is  not  for 
than  to  be  defpaired  of;  there  is  much 
noble  Knowkdgc  to  be  had  in  the  £;/^- 
J/fhand  French  Languages;  Geography, 
Hiftory,  chiefly  that  of  our  own  Coun- 
try, the  Knowledge  of  Nature, and  the 
more  praftical  Parts  of  the  Mathema- 
ticks  (if  he  has  not  a  Genius  for  the 
demonftrative)  may  make  a  Gentle- 
man very  knowing,  tho'  he  has  not  a 
Word  of  Latin  ;  there  is  a  Finenefs 
of  Thought,  and  a  Noblenefs  of  Ex- 
prefTion  indeed  in  the  Lattn  Authors, 
that  will  make  them  the  Entertain- 
ment of  a  ALm's  whole  Life,  if  he  once 
underftands  and  reads  them  with  de- 
light :  But  if  this  cannot  be  attained 
to,  I  would  not  have  it  reckoned,  that 
the  Education  of  an  ill  Latin  Scholar 
is  to  be  given  over.  A  competent 
meafurcof  the  Knowledge  of  the  Law 
is  a  good  Foundation,  for  diftinguifh- 
ing  a  Gentleman  ;  but  I  am  in  doubt, 
whether  his  being  for  fomc  time  in  the 
Inns  of  Court  will  contribute  much  to 
this,  if  he  is  not  a  iludious  Pcrfon  ; 
Thofe  who  think  they  are  there,  only 
to  pafs  away  fo  many  of  their  Years, 
commonly  run  together,  and  live  both 
idly  and  vicioufly.  I  (hould  imagine 
it  a  much  better  way,    thp'  it  is  not 

much 


[47] 


ii 


^  \ 


pra61ifed,to  get  a  learned  young 
Lawyer,  who  has  not  got  into  much 
Bufincfs,  to  come  and  pafs  away  a 
long  Vacation  or  two  with  a  Gentle- 
man, to  carry  him  through  fuch  an  In- 
trodudion  to  the  Study  of  the  Law, 
as  may  give  him  a  full  View  of  it,  and 
good  Directions  how  to  profecute  his 
Study  in  it.  A  competent  Skill  in 
this  makes  a  Man  very  ufcful  in  his 
Country,  both  in  conducting  his  own 
Affairs,  and  in  giving  good  Advice  to 
thofe  about  him  :  It  will  enable  him 
to  be  a  c?^ood  Juftice  of  Peace,  and  to 
fettic  Matters  by  Arbitration,  fo  as 
to  prevent  Law-fuits  ;  and,  which 
ought  to  be  the  Top  of  an  Englijh  Gen- 
tleman's Ambition,  to  be  an  able  Par- 
liament Man  :  to  which  no  Gentleman 
ought  to  pretend,  unlefs  he  has  a  true 
Zeal  for  his  Country,  with  an  inflexi- 
ble Integrity  and  Refolution  to  pur- 
fiic  what  appears  to  him  juft  and  right, 
I  r  the  good  of  the  Publick  :  The 

i  *    is  the  Fountain  of  Law, 

:t  Fence  of  Liberty;  and  no  fort 

i  '  -aon  is  fo  neceilary  for  a  Gen- 

i,  as  that  which  may  qualify 
I       ^     ppear  there  with  Figure  and 

t  i    a  jmen  in  their  Marriages  ought  And 
to  confider  a  great  many  things  more  War- 

than  '^*S«* 


in 


> 


[48] 

than  Fortune,  tho',  generally  fpcalc- 
ing,  that  is  the  only  thing  fought  lor  : 
A  good  Undcrftanding,  good  Princi- 
ples, and  a  good  Temper,  with  a  li- 
beral Education,  and  acceptable  Per- 
fon,  are  the  firtl  things  to  be  confider- 
cd  :  And  certainly  Fortune  ought  to 
come  after  all  thcfe.  Thofe  Bargains 
now  in  falhion  make  oftcp  unhallowed 
Marriages,  in  which  (belides  the  grea- 
ter Evils)  more  Fortune  is  ofccn  waft- 
ed, than  is  brought,  with  a  vain,^  a 
foolifh,an  indifcreet  and  a  hated  Wife. 
The  firft  Thought  in  choofmg  a  Wife 
ought  to  be,  to  find  a  Help  meet  for 
the  Man :  In  a  married  State  the  mu- 
tual Study  of  both  ought  to  be  to  help 
and  plcafe  one  another  :  This  is  the 
Foundation  of  all  domcftick  Happi- 
nefs  ;  as  to  ftay  at  home  and  to  love 
home,  is  the  greateft  help  to  Induftry, 
Order  and  the  good  Government  of  a 
Family.  I  have  dwelt  the  longer  on 
this  Article,  becaufe  on  the  forming 
the  Gentry  well,  the  good  Govern- 
ment of  the  Nation,  both  in  and  out 
of  Parliament,  does  fo  much  depend. 
Of  TnJe  •  As  for  the  Men  of  Trade  and  Bufi- 
and  In-  ncfs,  they  arc,  generally  fpeaking,  the 
duftry.  Y)c{i  Bod\  in  the  Nation,  generous,  fo- 
ber,  and  charitable  :  So  that,  while 
the  People  in  the  Country  are  fo  inw 

merfcd 


i:  49  3 

ni  rfed  in  their  Affairs,  that  the  Senfe 
of  Religion  cannot  reach  them,  there 
is  a  better  Spirit  Itirring  in  our  Ci- 
ties ;  more  Knowledge,  more  Zeal, 
and  more  Charity,  with  a  great  deal 
more  of  Devotion.  There  may  be 
too  much  of  Vanity,  with  too  pom- 
pous an  Exteriour,  mixed  with  thefc 
m  the  capital  City;  but  upon  the 
whole,  they  are  the  beft  we  have  : 
I  Want  of  Exercife  is  a  great  Prejudice 
^  to  their  Health,  and  a  Corrupter  of 
their  Minds,  by  railing  Vapours  and 
Melancholy,  that  fills  many  with  dark 
Thoughts,  rendring  Religion,  which 
affords  the  trueft  Joy,  a  Burden  to 
them,  and  making  them  even  a  Bur- 
den to  themfelves  ;  this  furnifhes  Pre- 
judices againft  Religion  to  thofe,  wlio 
are  but  too  much  difpofed  to  feek  for 
them.  The  too  conftant  Intercourfe 
of  Vifits  in  Town  is  a  vaft  Confump- 
tion  of  Time,  and  gives  much  occa- 
fion  to  T j'k,  which  is  at  beft  idle,  if 
not  worie  :  This  certainly  wants  Re- 
gulation, and  is  the  Eflfect  of  Idlenefs 
and  Vanity. 

.     The  Stage  is  the  great  Corrupter  of  Of  the 
\he  Town  ;  and  the  bad  People  of  the  Sugc. 
Town  have  been  the  chief  Corrupters 
of  the  Stage,  who  run  moft  after  thofe 
Plays  that  defile  the  Stage  and  the  Au-* 


lio3 

dicncc  :    Poets  will  icek  tor  plcafc,  as 
Ailors  will   look  for  fuch  Pieces,  as 
draw  the  moft  Spedators  :  They  pre- 
tend their  dcfign  is  to  difcourage  Vice  j 
but  they  do   really  recommend  it,  in 
the  moft  effedual  manner.  It  is  a  Ihame 
to  our  Nation  and  Religion,  to  fee 
the  Stage  fo  reformed  in  France^  and 
fo  polluted  ft  ill  in  England.     Molterc 
for  Comedy,  and  Racine^  for  Tragedy, 
are  great  Patterns  ;    few   can,    and  as 
few  will  ftudy  to  copy  after  them.  But, 
till  another  Scene   appears,  certainly 
our  Plavs  are  the  greateft  Debauchers 
of  the  isation.     Gaming  is  a  wafte  of 
Time,  that  rifes  out  ot  Idlenefs,    and 
is  kept  up   by  Covetoufnefs  ;    thofe 
who  can  think,    read,  or  write  to  any 
purpofe,   and   thofe   who   underftand 
whatConverfadon  an^^  Friendftiip  are, 
will  not  want  fuch  a  Help  to  wear  out 
the  Day ;    fo  that   upon   the   whole 
matter,  Sloth  and  Ignorance,  bad  K- 
ducation  and  ill  Cuinpany,    are  the 
chief  Sources  of  all  our  Vice  and  Dif- 
orders. 
Ottiu-       'The  ill  Methods  of  Schools  and 
eating  the  Colleges  give  the  chief  Rife  to  the  Ir 
^thw  Sex.  regularides   of   the  Gentry  ;    as  the 
breeding  young  Women   to   Vanity, 
Preffing  and  a  falfc  Appearance  of  Wit 
md  Behaviour,  withgut  proper  Work 


s 


or 


or  a  due  Meafure  of  Knowledge  and 
a  ferious  Senfe  of  Religion,  "is  the 
Source  of  the  Corruption  of  that  Sex  : 
Something  like  Monalleries  without 
Vows  would  be  a  glorious  Defign,  and 
might  be  fo  fet  on  foot,  as  to  be  the 
Honour  of  a  Queen  on  the  Throne  : 
But  I  will  purfue  this  no  further. 

My  next  Addrefs  is  to  the  Nobi- of  the 
lity  ;  moft  of  what  I  have  propofed  to  Nobiluy. 
our  Gentry  does,  in  a  more  eminent 
manner  belong  to  them  ;  the  higher 
their  Condition  is  raifed  above  other 
Gentlemen,  fo  much  the  more  emi- 
nent ought  they  to  be  in  Knowledge 
and  Virtue  ;  the  Share  they  have  in 
Judicature  in  the  Houfe  of  Lords, 
ihould  oblige  them  to  acquaint  them- 
felves  with  the  Rules  and  Principles 
of  Law;  tho'  an  unbiafTed  Integrity, 
neither  moved  by  Friendfhip  nor  Par- 
ty, with  a  true  Underftanding,  will 
for  the  moft  part  dire6l  them  in  their 
Judgment,  fmce  few  Cafes  occur,  where 
the  Point  of  Law  is  dark  or  doubtful. 

Every  Perfonof  a  high  Rank,  whofe  oftheir 
Eftate  can  bear  it,   ought  to  have  two  Educa- 
Perfons  to  manage  his  Education  :  the  ^^°"* 
one  a  Governour  to  form  his  Mind,  to 
give  him  true  Notions,    to  reprefent 
Religion  and  Virtue  in  a  proper  Light 
to  him,  to  give  bim  a  View  of  Geo- 

D  2  gr*^phy. 


graphy,    not    barely    defcribing    the 
Maps,  but  adding  to  it   the  Natural 
Hiltory  of  every  Country,  its  Produc- 
tions, Arts,  and  Trade,  with  the  Re- 
ligion and  Government  of  the  Coun- 
try, and  a  general  Idea  of  the  Hiftory 
ot  the  World,  and  of  the  various  Re- 
volutions, that    have    happened  in  it. 
Such  a  View  will  open  a  young  Per- 
fon's  Mind  :    It  mult  be  often  gone  o- 
ver,  to  fix   it  well.     The  ancient  Go- 
vernment  in  Greece^    but  much  more 
that  oi  Rome^  muft  be  minutely  deli- 
vered, that  the  Difference,    between  a 
juil   and  a   vicious  Government,  may  ^ 
be  well  apprehended.     The  Fall  of 
the  Roman  Greatnefs,  under  the  Em- 
perors, by  reafon  of  theabfolute  Pow- 
er, that  let  Vice  in  upon  them,  which 
corrupted  not  only  their  Courts,  but 
their  Armies,  ought  to  be  fully  open- 
ed :    Then  the  Goth'tck  Government, 
and  the  Feudal  Law  fhould  be  clearly 
explained,  to  open  the  Original  of  our 
Conilitution.  In  all  this,  the  chief  Care 
of  a  wife  and  good  Former  of  Youth 
ought  to  be,   to  poflefs  a  young  Mind 
with  noble  Principles   of  Juftice,  Li- 
berty and  Virtue,  as  the  true  Bafis  of 
Government ;  and  with  an  Averfion  to 
Violence  and  Arbitrary  Power,  fervilc 
Flattery,  Fadion  and  Luxury,  from 

which 


t 


I 


which  the  Corruption  and  Ruin  of  all 
Governments  have  arifen. 

To  thisGovernour  (qualified  for  all 
this,  to  be  fought  out  and  hired  at  any 
rate)  I  would  join  a  Mailer  for  Lan- 
guages and  other  things,  in  which  this 
young  Lord  is  to  be  inllrufted  ^  who 
ought  to  be  put  under  the  Direction 
and  Eye  of  the  Governour,  that  his 
Time  may  not  be  loft  in  Trifles  ;  that 
nothing  of  Pedantry  or  of  Affedrlation 
may  be  infufed  into  a  young  Mind, 
which  is  to  be  prepared  for  great 
Things.  A  Simplicity  of  Style,  with 
a  true  and  grave  Pronunciation,  ought 
to  be  well  looked  to  \  and  this  young 
Nobleman  ought  to  be  accuftomed,  as 
he  grows  up,  to  fpeak  his  Thoughts, 
on  the  fudden,  with  a  due  Force  and 
Weight  both  of  Words  and  Voice.  I 
have  often  wondered  to  fee  Parents, 
who  are  to  leave  vaft  Eftates,  and  who 
ftick  at  no  Expencc  in  other  Things, 
yet  be  fo  Frugal  and  Narrow  in  the 
Education  of  their  Children.  They 
owe  to  their  Country  a  greater  Care 
in  preparing  the  Eldeft,  to  make  that 
Figure  in  it,  to  which  he  is  born  :  And 
they  owe  to  their  younger  Children, 
who  are  not  to  be  fo  plentifully  pro- 
vided, fuch  a  liberal  Education,  as  may 
fit  them  to  anfwer  the  Dignity  of  their 

D  3  Birth, 


t  54] 

Birth,  and  prepare  them  for  Employ* 
ments,  by  which  they  may  in  time  give 
a  further  Strength  and  Addition   to 
their  F'amily.     1  have  been  amazed  to 
fee,  how  profufc  feme  are,  in  procur- 
ing good  Dancing,  Fencing,    and  Ri-^ 
ding-IMafters   for   their  Children,  and 
fetting  them  out  in  fine  Cloathes  ;  and 
how  fparing  they  are  in  that,  which  is 
the  chief  and  moft  important  thing,  and 
which  in  time  may  become  the  moft 
ufeful,  both  to  themfelves  and  to  their^ 
Country.     I  look  on  the  Education  of 
the  Youth,  as  the  Foundation  of  all 
that  can  be  propofed,    for    bettering^ 
the  next  Age:    It  ought  to  be  one  of 
the   chief  Cares  of  all  Governments, 
tho'  there  is  nothing  more  univerfally 
ncglcded.     How  do  fome  of  our  Peers 
Ihine,    meerly   by    their  Virtue    and 
Knowledge  ;  and  what  a  contemptible 
figure  do  others  make,  with  all  their 
high  Titles  and  great  1  j  jtcs  ? 
of  their        Noblemen  begin  to  ncgicd  the  hav- 
ChaplaiLs.j^g(.j^^pl^jj^3  in   their  Houfes,  and  I 

do  not  much  wonder  at  it,  when  I  re- 


fleft  on  the  Behaviou 
thefc  ;    light  and  id! 
tent,  impertinent  am!  p 
this  want   however, 
God,  and  the  Inftfu(!:t  ^^ 
i«  quite  negle<ftcd:  But^  if 


oo  many  of 

\  ain  and  info- 

V  ntick  ;    by 

Worlhip  ot 

.  _    Servartts, 

little  more 

care 


L  ^^  J 

care  were  taken  to  choofc  well,  a  Lord 
might  make  a  good  ufc  of  a  Chaplain, 
not  only  for  thofe  ends,  which  I  have 
mentioned,  but  for  the  reading  fuch 
Books,  as  the  Lord  defires  to  be  well 
informed  about,  but  has  not  JLeifurc 
to  perufe  himfelf.  Thefe  he  may  read 
by  his  Chaplain,  ind  receive  an  Ac- 
count of  them  fr  him,  and  fee  what 
are  the  principal  gs  to  be  learnt 

from  them,  for  u...  he  may  find  Ici- 
fure,  tho'  not  for  the  whole  Book  : 
By  this  means  he  may  keep  his  Chap- 
lain well  imployed,  and  may  cncreafc 
his  own  Stock  of  Knowledge,  and  be 
well  furnifticd  with  relation  to  all  new 
Books  and  new  Queftions,  that  arc 
darted.  The  Family  of  a  Noblernan, 
well  chofcn  and  well  ordered,  might 
look  like  a  little  Court  in  his  Coun- 
try :  For  tho'  it  is  a  Happinefs  to  the 
Nan  ,  that  the  great  number  of  idle 
and  lit  Retainers,  that  were  about 
NobL-  ciently,  is  much  reduced  ; 

yet  ftili  L  muft  entertain  many  Ser- 
vants, ti  ^  cither  Nufances  where 
they  live  "^t  a  Pattern  to  others. 

The  gre  ,  they  ought  to 

be  the  .  -  and  affable,  and 

morecaf  ^hatfo  they  may, 

by  the  be  '  "ty,    render 

thcmfclv.    ^    ,  heir  Courts 

try  ; 


tin 

try  ;  they  ought  more  particularly,  to 
protcdl  the  Opprelled,  to  mortity  In- 
loiencc  and  Injuftice,  and  to  enter  into 
the  true  Grievances  of  their  Country  j 
that  they  may  reprefcnt  thefc,  where  it 
may  be  proper  ^  and  ihew  at  leaft  a 
tender  Care  of  thofe,  who  ought  to  be 
protedked  by  them,  if  they  cannot  ef- 
Icdually  procure  a  Redrefs  of  their 
Grievances.  A  continued  Purfuit  of 
fuch  Methods,  with  an  exemplary  De- 
portment, would  foon  reftore  the  No- 
bility to  their  ancient  Luftrc,  from 
which  they  feem  very  fenfible  how 
much  they  are  fallen,  tho'they  do  not 
take  the  proper  Methods  to  recover 
it.  Have  we  not  feen  in  our  Time 
four  or  five  Lords,  by  their  Know- 
ledge, good  Judgment  and  Integrity, 
raife  the  Houfe  of  Peers  to  a  pitch  of 
Reputation  and  Credit,  that  feemed 
once  beyond  the  Expedation  or  Belief 
of  thofe,  who  now  fee  it  ?  A  Progrefs 
in  this  Method  will  give  them  fuch 
Authority  in  the  Nation,  that  they 
will  be  able,  not  only  tofupport  their 
own  Dignity,  but  even  to  fupport  the 
Throne  and  the  Church.  If  fo  fmall  a 
number  has  raifed  Peerage  to  fuch  a 
Regard,  that  the  People,  contrary  to 
all  former  Precedents,  have  confidered 
them  more  than  their  own  Reprefen- 


tativcs  J 


t57l 

tatives;    what  might  not  be  cxpeftcd 
from    a    greater  number  purfuing  the, 
fame  Methods  ?    Thcfe  would  become 
again  that,  which  their  Title  imports, 
the  Peers  of  the  Crown  as  well  as  ot 
the    Kingdom,    of  which  that   noble 
Right  of  putting  on  their  Coronets,  at 
the  Coronation,  is  a  clear  Proof.  Great 
Titles,    feparated  trom  the  great  Ef- 
tates  and  the  Intereft  their  Anceflors^ 
had  in  their  Countries,    muft  link,  if 
not  fupported  with  fomewhat  of  more 
Value,great  Merit  andafublime  Virtue. 

After  I  have  offered  what  I  think  of  Concern- 
the  p-reateft  Importance  to  the  feveral  »"g  ^^^ 

t!      &  ^      1      -KT     •         T  ^,r*.  two  Hou- 

Ranks  ot  Men  m  the  Nation,  I  go  next  ^^^  ^^ p^^^ 
toconfider  that  auguft  Body,  in  which  ijament. 
they  are  all  united  ;  I  mean  the  Par- 
liament. As  long  as  Eleftions  are  fet 
to  fale,  fo  long  we  are  under  a  Dif- 
'  cafe  in  our  Vitals,  that  if  it  be  not  re- 
medied in  time,  muft  ruin  us  at  laft, 
and  end  in  a  Change  of  Government  ; 
and  what  that  may  be,God  only  knows. 

All  Laws  that  can  be  made,  will  of  Elcc- 
prove  ineffeftual  to  cure  fo  great  an  tions. 
Evil,  till  there  comes  to  be  a  Change 
i  It  and  Reformation  of  Morals  in  the  Na- 
tion ;  we  fee  former  Laws  are  evaded, 
and  fo  will  all  the  Laws  that  can  be 
made,  till  the  Candidates  and  Elec- 
tors both  become  Men  of  another  Tem- 
per 


per  and  other  Principles,  than  appear 
now  among  them  :  The  Expencc  of 
Elections  ruins  Families ;  and  thefc 
Families  will  come  in  time  to  expeft  a 
full  Reparation  from  the  Crown  ;  or 
they  will  take  their  Revenges  on  it,  if 
that  Hope  fails  them  :  The  Commons 
will  grow  infolent  upon  it,  and  look 
on  the  Gentry  as  in  their  Dcpendance* 
during  the  War,  and  while  the  Heat 
of  Parties  ferments  fo  much,  ic  is  not 
eafy  to  find  a  proper  Remedy  for  this. 
When  the  War  is  over,  one  Expedi- 
ent in  the  power  of  the  Crown  is,  to 
declare  that  Eledions  to  Parliament 
Ihall  be  annual  :  But,  if  the  fame  Heat 
and  Rivalry  of  Parties  Ihould  ftill  con- 
tinue, that  would  ruin  Families  but  fo 
much  the  fooncr. 

The  moft  promifing  Expedient,ncxt 

to  a  general  Reformadon,  which  may 

feem  too  remote  and  too  hopelefs  a  Prof- 

pcdt,  is  to  try  hovv  this  great  Divifion 

of  the   Nation   into  Whig  and.  Tory 

may  be  leflened,  if  not  quite  removed: 

Great  numbers  on  bpth  lides  are  drawn 

to  take  up  many  groundlefs  Jealoufics 

one  of  another,  with  which  Men  of 

honeft  Minds  are  pofleffed. 

Of  the  There  are  many  of  the  Tories,  that 

Parties  ot  Without  doubt  look  towards  St*  Ger-* 

Whig  and  maws  and  Fra^jce :  buc  this  is  not  true 

Tory.  ^f 


[59] 

of  the  bulk  of  their  Party.     Many  In- 
fidels, who   hate  all  Religion  and  all  . 
Churches  alike  (being  only  againft  the 
I    Church  of  Englatni  bccaufe  it  is  in  pof- 
feflion)  do  join  with  the  Whigs  and  the 
Diflenters,  and  appear  for  them  ;  from 
thence  the  ill-difpoled  Tories  poflefs 
many  of  thofe,  who  are  better  mind- 
ed, with  an  Opinion,  that  the  Whigs 
favour  the  Dirfenters,  only  to  ruin  and 
deftroy  Religion :   And  great  Multi- 
tudes of  unthinking  and  ignorant  Men 
are  draw  n  into  this  Snare.     The  Prin- 
ciples of  the  Whigs  lead  them  to  be 
for    the   Revolution,    and   for  every 
thing  that  has  been  done  to  fupport 
and  eilablilh  that ;  and  therefore  thofe 
who,  in  their  Hearts,  hate  the  Revo- 
lution, fortify  and  pomote  their  De- 
figns,  by  keeping  up  a  Jealoufy  of  all 
that  Body,  which  alone   can  and  muft 
fupport  it.     The  Whigs  arc  indeed  fa- 
voured by  the  Diflenters,  becaufe  they 
fee  their  rrinciples  arc  for  Toleration, 
*    which,  itisvifible,  that  the  Dillen- 
xquicfce,  without  purfuing  any 
contrary  to   the  Eftablifhed 
I    i^  into  which   the  far  greater 

^^  *-hem  >e  brought,  if 

but  a  ver\  ere  made 

m.    O;  Whigs, 

ahe  ...idn^^c 

on 


on  ill  Dcfigns  fo  vifibly,  (endeavour- 
ing to  weaken  the  Government,  to  dif- 
joint  the  Alliance,  and  to  put  an  un- 
timely end  to  the  War,  thereby  fer- 
ving  the  Intercfls  o(  France  and  of  the 
^reteuder)  and  that  they  are  followed 
in  this  by  the  Body  of  the  Tories, 
who  promote  their  Elections,  and  ad- 
here to  them  in  all  Divifions  in  the  two 
Houfcs  of  Parliament,  and  are  united 
in  one  Party  with  them,  from  thence 
conclude,  that  they  are  all  equally  con- 
cerned, and  alike  guilty:  And  thus 
they  are  jealous  of  them  all.  This 
Averfion  is  daily  growing,  and  will 
certainly  continue  as  long  as  the  War 
lafts;  when  that  is  ended,  it  may  pof- 
libly  abate  :  but  fo  great  a  Difeafe  will 
not  be  cured,  'till  a  Prince  of  Spirit 
and  Authority,  managed  with  Tem- 
per and  Difcretion,  undertakes  the 
Cure.  We  fee  Oaths  and  Subfcrip- 
tions  makenoDifcrimination,  ilnce  the 
Abjuration,  tho'  penned  as  fully  as 
Words  can  go,  has  been  taken  by  fome, 
who  fcemcd  refolved  to  fwallow  down 
every  thing  in  order  to  the  throwing 
up  all  at  once,  if  they  Ihould  come  to 
have  a  clear  Majority  in  Parliament, 
and  durfl  lay  afide  the  Mask. 

In  the  Parliament  of  1701,    called 
the  Impeaching  Parliament,  and  in  the 

firft 


firft  Parliament  called  by  the  Queen, 
there  was  a  Majority  of  Tories  ^    yet 
it  appeared,  the   Men  of  ill  defigns 
durlt  not  venture  todifcover  themfelves 
'  to  their  Party  and  to  the  Nation  ;  fo 
they  proceeded  with  Caution.     They 
defigned  in  170 1  to  have  had  the  Duke 
of  Jnjoa  acknowledged,    in  order  to 
have  difgraced  the  late  King,  and  his 
faithfullell  Miniilers  ;  that  fo  the  Prin- 
ces  abroad,    who  could    do  nothing 
without  Alliftance  from  Eiigland^  de- 
fpairing  of  that,  might  be  forced  to 
fubmit  to  the  Offers  of  France  made 
them.    In  the  firft  Year  of  the  Queen's 
Reign,   they    durft    make  no  vifible 
Steps  that  way  neither;  but  they  tri- 
V    cd  to  raife  the  Heat  againft  the  Diffen- 
ters,  to  make  a  Breach  on  the  Tolera- 
tion, and  to  give  that  Body  of  Men 
fuch  a  Jealouly  of  the  Goverment,  as 
ihould  quite  difhearten  Them,    who 
were  always  the  readieft  to  lend  Mo- 
ney to  the   Publick,   without    which 
the  War  could  not  be  carried  on  vi- 
goroufly.      By    this   it  may   appear, 
that  many  of  the  Tories  have  not  thofe 
.  Views  and  Defigns,  that  perhaps  fome 
iT  of  their  Leaders  may  be  juftly  charged 
with.      Now  a  wife    and  an  Aftivc 
Prince  may  find  Methods,  to  undeceive 
thofe  who  are  thus  fatally  impofed  on, 

and 


L  ^'^  J 

and  led  blindfold  into  the  ferving  the 
ill  Deligns  of  others ;  efpecially,  if  he 
will  propofe  it,  as  a  fure  way  to  his 
Favour,  for  all  whom  he  employs,  to 
procure   a  better    Underllaiiding   and 
frequent  Meetings,  among  the  Men  of 
good  Lives  and  fofc  Tempers  in  both 
Parties,  who  by  a  mutual  Converfa- 
tion  will  fo  open  themfelves  to  one  a- 
nother,   that  Jealoufies    may  by  this 
means  be  eafily  removed.     I  can  carry 
this   no  further  at   prefent;   Men  of 
good    Intentions   will  eafily   find  out 
proper  Methods  to  bring  about   this 
worthy    Defign   of  healing   a  Breach, 
that  has  rent  the  Nation   from  top  to 
bottom.     The  Parties  are  now  fo  fla- 
red and  kept   up,  not  only  by  the  E- 
le6tions  of  Parliament-Men   that  re- 
turn every  third  Year,  but  even  by  the 
yearly  Eleftions  of  Mayors  and  Cor- 
poration-Men,  that  they  know  their 
Strengh ;    and  in  every  Corner  of  the 
Nation,   the  two  Parties  fland,    as  it 
were,  lifted  againft  one  another.     This 
may  come,  in  fome  critical  time  or  o- 
ther,  at  the  Death  of  a  Prince,  or  on 
an  Invafion,  to  have  terrible  EfFeds ; 
as  at  prefent  it  creates,  among  the  befh 
of  each  fide,  a  Coldnefs  and  a  Jealou- 
fy,  and  a  great  deal  oi  liatred  and  Vi- 
rulence among  the  naych  greater  part. 

There 


A 


\ 


I  63  1 

i  ncrc  arc  two  things  of  a  very  Pub-  The  Cor- 
lick  Nature,   that  deferve  the  Care  of  ^^^^^^J^^^^f 
a  Parliament  :  The  one  muft  begin  m 
the  Houfe  of  Lords,  and  the  other  in 
the  Houfe  of  Commons.     The  Law^ 
oi  England  is  the  greatcft  Grievance  of 
the  Nation,   very  expenfive  and  dila- 
tory :  There  is  no  end  of  Suits,  efpe- 
cially  when  they  are  brought  into  C^^?;;- 
cery.     It  is  a  matter  of  deep  Study, 
to  be  exad  in  the  Law  5  great  Advan- 
tages are  taken,  upon  inconfiderable 
Errors  ;  and  there  are  loud  Complaints 
of  that,   which  feems  to  be  the  chief 
Security  of  Property,  I  mean  Juries, 
which  arc  faid  to  be    much   praflifed 
upon.     If  a  happy  Peace  gives  us  quiet 
to  look  to  our  own  Affairs,  there  can- 
not be  a  worthier  Defign  undertaken 
than  to  reduce  the  Law  into  Method, 
to  digeft  it  into  a  Body,  and  to  regu- 
late the  Chancery,  fo  as  to  cut  off  the 
Tedioufnefs  of  Suits,  and,  in  a  word, 
to  compile  one  entire  Syikm  of  our 
Laws.     The  Work  cannot  be  under- 
taken,   much  lefs  finiftied,    but  by  fo 
ereatan  Authority,  as  at  Icaft  an  Ad- 
ucfs  from  the  Houfe  of  Lords  to  the 
Queen.      Nothing,   after  the  War  is 
happily  ended,  can  raife  the  Glory  of 
her  Reign  more,  than   to  fee  fo  noble 

%  D^figafc;  00  fgot  io  ber  Time :  Thi^ 

would 


Poor. 


[  <54] 

would  make  her  Name  facred  to  Pof- 
terity,  which  would  fenlibly  feci  all 
the  Taxes,  they  have  raifcd,  fully  re- 
paid them,  if  the  Law  were  made 
Ihorter,  clearer,  more  certain,  and  of 
Icfs  Expcnce. 
Provifions  The  Other  Matter,  that  muft  take 
*  ^  ^^^  its  rife  in  the  Houfe  of  Commons,  is 
about  the  Poor,  and  fhould  be  much 
laid  to  heart.  It  may  be  thought  a 
Itrange  Motion  from  a  Bifhop,  to  wifh 
that  the  Aft,  for  charging  every  Pa- 
rifh  to  maintain  their  own  Poor,  were 
well  reviewed,  if  not  quite  taken  a- 
way  ;  this  feems  to  encourage  idle  and 
lazy  People  in  their  Sloth,  when  they 
know  they  muft  be  maintained:  I 
know  no  other  Place  in  the  World, 
were  fuch  a  Law  was  ever  made.  Scot^ 
land  is  much  the  pooreft  part  of  the  If- 
land;  yet  the  poor  there  are  maintained 
by  the  voluntary  Charities  of  the  Peo- 
ple ;  Holland  is  the  perfedeft  Pattern, 
for  putting  Charity  in  a  good  Method; 
the  Poor  work  as  much  as  they  can  * 
they  are  humble  and  induftrious;  they 
never  ask  any  Charity ;  and  yet  they 
are  well  relieved.  When  the  Poor  fee, 
that  their  Supply  muft  in  a  great  mea- 
fure  depend  on  their  Behaviour  and  on 
their  Induftry,  as  far  as  it  can  go,  it 
will  both  make  them  better  in  them- 

felves, 


I 


1. 6i  • 

fclves,  and  move  others  to  fupply 
them  more  liberally ;  and  when  Mens 
Offerings  are  free  (and  yet  are  called 
for,  every  Time  they  go  to  Church 
or  to  Sacrament)  this  will  oblige  thofe, 
who  diftributes  them,  to  be  exa6l  and 
impartial  in  it ;  fince  their  ill  Conduct 
might  make  the  Givers  truft  them  with 
their  Charity  no  more,  but  diftribute 
it  themfelves.  If  a  Spirit  of  true  Pi- 
ety and  Charity  iliould  ever  prevail 
in  this  Nation,  thofe,  whofe  Conditi- 
on raifes  them  above  the  Drudgery  of 
fcrvile  Labour,  might  employ  fomc 
Years  of  their  Life  in  this  Labour  of 
Love,  and  relieve  one  another  in  their 
turn,  and  fo  diftribute  among  them 
this  noble  part  of  Government.  All 
this  muft  begin  in  the  Houfe  of  Com- 
mons ;  and  I  leave  it  to  the  Confide- 
ration  of  the  wife  and  worthy  Members 
of  that  Body,  to  turn  their  Thoughts 
to  this,  as  foon  as  by  a  happy  Peace  we 
are  delivered  from  the  Cares  of  the, 
War,  and  are  at  leifurc  to  think  of  our 
own  Affairs  at  home. 

One  thing  more  I  prefume  to  fug-ofiTiorter 
geft,  which  is,  that  we  may  have  few-  SefTions  of 
er  and  fliorter  Seflions  of  Parliament ;  i'^^^^^- 
the  flaying  long  in  Town  both  waftes 
Eftates,  and  corrupts  the  Morals  of 
Members j  their  beginning  folate  irt 


E 


tlie 


L  ^■'''  J 
the  Day  to  enter  upon  Bufinefs  is  one 
great  occalion  of  long  Seflions;  they 
are  feldom  met,  'till  about  twelve  a- 
Clock  ;  and  except  on  a  Day,  in  which 
fome  great  Points  are  to  be  difculTcd, 
upon   which  the  Parties  divide,  they 
grow  difpofed  to  rife  after  two  or  three 
Hours  fitting.     The  Authority  of  the 
Prince  mull  be  interpofed  to  make  them 
return  to  the  old  Hours  of  eight  and 
nine ;  and  if,  from  that  time,  they  fat 
till  two,  a  great  deal  of  Bufinefs  might 
be  difpatched  in  a  fhort  Selfion.     It  is 
alfo  to  be  hoped  that,  when  the  War 
is  ended.  Parliaments  will  not  give  the 
neceffary  Supplies  from  Year  to  Year, 
as  in  the  time  of  War,  but  will  fettle 
Methods  for  paying  the  Publick  Debt, 
and  for  theSupport  of  theGovernment, 
for  two,  if  not  for  three  Years.     The 
ill  EfTefts  of  an  Annual  Meeting  of  Par- 
liament arefo  vifible  and  fo  great,  that 
I  hope  nothing  but  invincible  Neceffi- 
ty  will  ever  keep  us  under  the  Conti- 
nuance  of  fo  great  an  Inconvenience. 
I  fpeak  of  this  with  the  more  Concern, 
bccaufc  this  is  not  only  a  great  Charge 
on  Bifliops,  heavy  on  the  richer,  ^  and 
intolerable  to  the  poorer  Bilhopricks; 
but  chiefly,  becuuic  it  calls  them  away 
from  their  Diocefles,    and  from  mind- 
ing their  proper  Work,  and  fills  their 

Heads 


[  ^7  J 
Heads  too  much  wichSecularThoughf  s, 
and  obliges  them  to  mix  too  much 
with  Secular  Company  j  from  which 
the  more  abftradied  they  are,  as  their 
Minds  will  be  purer  and  freer,  fo  they 
will  be  able  to  follow  their  own  Bufi- 
nefs with  lefs  diftraftion,  in  a  more 
conllant  Attendance  on  the  Miniftry 
of  the  Word  and  Prayer,  to  which,  in 
imitation  of  the  Apoftles,  they  ought 
to  give  themfelves  continually. 

1  have  now  gone  over  what  feemed 
to  me  moll:  practicable,  as  well  as  moft 
important,  for  all  Ranks  of  Men  fevc- 
rally  in  the  Nation,  as  well  as  for  that 
I  great  Unionof  them  all,  in  cheRepre- 
y  tentative  of  the  whole  in  Parliament : 
i  T  have  not  gone  into  wild  Notions  of 
an  imaginary  Reformation,  more  to 
be  wiflied  than  hoped  for ;  but  have 
only  touched  on  fuch  ill  Practices,  and 
bad  Difpofitions,  as  with  a  little  Care 
and  good  Government  may  be  in  fomc 
meafure  redrefled  and  corrected.  And 
now,  having  by  all  thcfe,  as  by  fo  ma- 
.ny  Steps,  rifen  up  to  the  Throne,  I 
k Vill  end  this  Addrefs  to  the  Tuition, 
iM^rith  an  humble  Reprefentation  to 
thofc,  who  are  to  fit  on  it. 

I  have  had  the  Honour  to  be  admit-  An  Ad- 
ted  to  much  free  Convcrfation,  with  ^^^^^  ro 
five  of  our  Sovereigns ;  King  QharUs 

2  the 


our  Prin- 
ces. 


[68] 

the  Second,    King  James  the  Second, 
King  William  the  Third,  Queen  Ma- 
ry^ and  Queen  A  me.     King  Charles^ 
Behaviour  was  a  thing  never  enough 
to  be  commended  \  he  was  a  perfectly 
well-bred  Man,    cafy  of  Accefs,  free 
in  his   Difcourfe,    and   fwcct    in    his 
whole  Deportment  \  this  was  managed 
with  great  Art,    and   it    covered  bad 
Defigns;    it  was  of  fuch  ufe  to  him, 
that  it  may  teach  all  fucceeding  Prin- 
ces, of  what  advantage  an  Eafmefs  ot 
Accefs  and  an  obliging  Behaviour  may 
be;  This  prcfcrved  him;  it  often  dif- 
armed  thofe  Refentments,    which  his 
ill  Condud:  in  every  things  both  Pub- 
.lick  and  Private,  pofleffed  all  thinking 
People  with  very  early,    and  all  forts 
of  People  at  lall:  And  yet  none  could 
go  to  him,  but   they  were  in  a  great 
meafurefoftned,  before  they  left  him: 
It   looked   like  a  Charm,    that  could 
hardly  be.refifted:    Yet  there  was  no 
Good-Nature   under  that,  ^  nor   was 
there  any  truth  in  him.     King  Jamc.^ 
had  great  Application  to  Bulinefs,tho' 
"without  a   right  underftanding ;    thaf 
Application  gave  him  a  Reputati 
till  he  took  care  to  throw  it  off:  It  h 
had  not  come  after  King  Charles^    he 
would  have  paft  for  a  Prince  of  a  fweet 
Temper,  and  cafy  of  Accefs.    King 


> 


1^9^ 

William  was  the  Reverfe  of  all  this  ;' 
he  was  fcarcc  Acceffible,  and  was  al- 
ways Cold  and  Silent ;  he  minded  Af- 
fairs abroad  fo  much,   and  was   fo  fet 
on  the  War,  that  he  fcarce  thought  of 
his  Government  at  home  :    This  raif- 
cd  a  general   Difguft,    which  was  im- 
proved by  Men  of  ill  Defigns,  fo  that 
It   perplexed   all  his  Affairs,    and  he 
could  fcarce  fupport  himfelf  at  home, 
whilfl  he  was  the  Admiration  of  all  a- 
broad.      Queen   Mary    was    Affable, 
Cheerful  and  Lively,  fpoke  much,  and 
yet  under  great  Rcferves,  minded  Bu- 
lincfs,    and   came    to    underftand    it 
well ;  fhe  kept  clofe  to  Rules,  chiefly 
to  thofe  fet  her  by  the  King ;  and  ihc 
charmed  all  that  came  near  her.  Queen 
Jmie  is  cafy  of  Accefs,    and  hears  e- 
very   thing  very   gently ;  but  opens 
herfelf  to  fo  few,  and  is  fo  Cold  and 
General  in  her  Anfwers,    that  People 
foon   find  that  the  chief  Application 
IS  to   be   made    to  her  Minifters  and 
^     vourites,  who  in  their  turns  have  an 
Credit  and  full  Power  with  her : 
i      laid  down  the  Splendor  of  a 
Court  too  much,    and  eats  privately  ; 
i  J  that  except  on  Sundays,   and  a  few 
'T)urs,    twice  or  thrice  a  Week   at 
^  t  in  the  Drawing-Room,  fhe  ap- 
pears fo  little,  that  her  Court  is  as  it 

E  3  were 


L7ol 
were  abandoned.  Oat  of  all  thefe 
Princes  Condud,  and  from  their  Suc- 
ceffes  in  their  Affairs,  it  is  evident 
what  ought  to  be  the  Meafurcs  of  a 
wife  and  good  Prince,  who  would  go- 
vern the  Nation  happily  and  glorioufly. 

The  firft,  the  moft  eflential,  and 
moft  indifpenfable  Rule  for  a  King  is, 
to  ftudy  the  Intercft  of  the  Nation,  to 
be  ever  in  it,  and  to  be  always  purfu- 
ing  it  ^  this  will  lay  in  for  him  fuch  a 
degree  of  Confidence,  that  he  will  be 
ever  fafe  with  his  People,  when  they 
feel  they  are  fafc  in  him.  No  part  of 
our  Story  ilievvs  this  more  vifibly,than 
Queen  Eltzabetlfs  Reign,  in  which 
the  true  Intereft  of  the  Nation  was 
conftantly  purfued  ;  and  this  was  fo 
well  underftood  by  all,  that  every 
thing  elfe  was  forgiven  her  and  her 
Minifters  both.  Sir  SmonDewe's  Jour- 
nal (hews  a  Treatment  of  Parliaments, 
that  could  not  have  been  born  at  any 
other  Time,  or  under  any  other  Ad- 
miniftration :  This  was  the  conftant 
Support  of  King  WtUtam^s  Rcign,and 
continues  to  fupport  the  prcfent 
Reign,  as  it  will  fupport  all  who  ad- 
here ftcadily  to  it. 

A  Prince,  that  would  command  the 
AfFeftions  and  Purfes  of  this  Nation, 
muft  not  ftudy  to  ftrctch  b--  Preroga- 


tive, 


ive,  or  beunealy  underthc  t'  '^ 
of  Law ;  as  foon  as  this  Humour 
fliews  itfclf,  he  mult  exped,  that  a 
Jealoufy  of  him,  and  an  uneafy  Op- 
pofition  to  him,  will  follow  thro'  the 
whole  Courfe  of  his  Reign;  whereas 
if  he  governs  well.  Parliaments  will 
truft  him,  as  much  as  a  wife  Prince 
would  defire  to  be  trufted;  and  will 
fupply  him  in  every  War  that  is  ne- 
ceffary,  cither  for  their  own  Preferva- 
tion,  or  the  Prefervation  of  thofe  Al- 
lies, with  whom  mutual  Interefts  and 
Leagues  unite  him :  But  tho',  foon  af- 
ter the  Refl:oration,a  flavifti  Parlia- 
ment fupported  King  Charles  in  the 
Dutch  War,  yet  the  Nation  mud  be 
ftrangely  changed,  before  any  thing  of 
that  fort  can  happen  again. 

One  of  the  moft  detcftable  and  the 
fooliflieft  Maxims,  with  relation  to  our 
Government,is  to  keep  up  Parties  and 
a  Rivalry  among  them;  to  Ihift  and 
change  Minifters,  and  to  go  from  one 
Party  to  another,  as  they  can  be 
brought  in  their  turns  to  offer  the 
Prince  more  Money,  or  to  give  him 
more  Authority :  this  will  in  conclufi- 
on  render  him  odious  and  contempti- 
ble lo  all  Parties,  who  growing  ac- 
cuftomed  to  his  Ficklenefs,  will  never 
truft  him^    but  rather  ftudy  to  fecurc 

:.  them- 


[71-] 

thcmfelvcs,  by  dcprefTing  him;  of 
which  the  Reign  of  Henry  the  Third 
of  Fratice  is  a  fignal  Inftance.  Wc 
faw  what  EfFcds  this  had  on  King 
Charles's  Reign ;  and  King  William 
felt  what  an  ill  ftep  he  had  made,  near 
the  end  of  his  Reign,  in  purfuing  this 
Maxim.  Nothing  creates  to  a  Prince 
fuch  a  Confidence,  as  a  conftant  and 
clear  Firmnefs  and  Steadinefs  of  Go- 
vernment, with  an  unblcmifhed  Inte- 
grity in  all  his  Profeffions ;  and  no- 
thing will  create  a  more  univerfal  De- 
pendancc  on  him,  than  when  it  is 
vifible,  he  ftudics  to  allay  the  Heats 
of  Parties,  and  to  reconcile  them  to 
one  another  :  This  will  dcmonftrate, 
that  he  loves  his  People,  and  that  he 
has  no  ill  Defigns  of  his  own. 

A  Prince,  who  would  be  well  fcrv- 
ed,  oughn  to  feek  out  among  his  Sub- 
je6ls  the  bell  and  mofl  capable  of  the 
Youth,  and  fee  to  their  good  Educati- 
on at  home  and  abroad;  he  fhould 
fend  them  to  travel,  and  order  his  Mi- 
nifters  abroad  to  keep  fuch  for  fomc 
time  about  them,  and  to  fend  them 
from  Court  to  Court,  to  learn  their 
Language,and  obferve  their  Tempers  : 
If  but  twelve  fuch  were  conftantly 
kept,  on   an  Allowance  of  250  /.   a- 

year,  the  >vhole£xpence  of  this  would 

rife 


\ 


[  73  3 

rife  but  to  3000/.  a-year:  By  this  in-: 
confiderable  Charge,    a  Prince  might 
have  a  conftant  Nurlery  for  a  wile  and 
able  Miniftry.     But  thofe  ought  to  be 
well  chofen,  none  ought    to   pretend 
to  the  Nomination  ;    it  ought  to  rile 
from  the  Motion,  of  the  honefteft  and 
moft  difintercftcd  of  all  his  Mimfters, 
to  the  Prince    in  fecret.     As  great  a 
care  ought  to  be  had,  in  the  Nomina- 
tion of  the  Chaplains  of  his  Mimfters 
abroad,  that  there  may  be  a  breed  of 
worthy  Clergymen,  who   have   large 
Thoughts  and  great  Notions,  from  a 
more  enlarged  View  of  Mankind  and 
of  the  World.    If  a  Prince  would  have 
all  that  ferve  him  grateful  and  true  to 
him,  he  muft  ftudy  to  find  out,  who 
are  the  propereft  and  worthieft  Men> 
capable  of  Employments,  and  prevent 
their  Applications,  and  furprize  them 
with  beftowing  good  Pofts   unfought, 
and  raifing  them  higher,    as  they  ferve 
well :  When.it  is  known,  that  a  Prince 
has  made  it  his  Maxim,   to  follow  this 
Method  in  diftributing  his  Favours,hc 
will  cut  oft^  Applications  tor  them  i 
which   will  otherwife    create  a  great 
Uneafinefs  to  him,  and  have  this  cer- 
tain ill  cffcft,  that,    where  there  are 
many  Pretenders,  one  muft  have  the 
Reference  to  all  the  refti  fo  that  ma- 


[74l 

ny  arc  mortified  for  being  rejcftedjand 
are  full  of  Enry  at  him,  who  has  ob- 
tained the  favour,  and  therefore  will 
dctrad  from  him  as  much  as  pofTiblc. 
This  has  no  where  worfe  EfTeds  than 
among  the  Clergy,  in  the  Difpofal  ot 
the  Dignities  of  the  Church:  And 
therefore  Queen  Mary  refolved  to 
break  thofe  Afpirings ;  which  Refolu- 
tion  fhe  carried  on  eife<aually  forfome 
Years  :  A  conftant  purfuing  that  Ma- 
xim would  have  9  great  effea  on  the 

Nation. 

Frequent  Progrefles  round  the  Na- 
tion, fo  divided,  that  once  in  feven  ^ 
eight  or  ten  Years,  the  chief  Places  ot 
it  might  be  gone  thro',  would  recom- 
mend a  Prince  wonderfully  to  the  Peo- 
ple ;  efpecially  if  he  were  gentle  and 
affable,  and  would  fo  manage  his  Pro- 
grefs,  that  it  fliould  not  be  a  Charge 
to  any,  by  refufing  to  accept  of  En- 
tertainments, from  any  Pcrfon  whacfo- 
cver:  for  the  accepting  thefe  only 
from  fuch,  as  could  eafily  bear  the 
Charge  of  it,  would  be  an  atfronting  of 
others,  who  being  of  equal  Rank, 
though  not  of  equal  Eftates,  would 
likewifc  dcfire  to  treat  the  Prince.  So 
to  mike  a  Progrefs  every  where  accept 
tabic,  and  no  where  chargeable,  th^ 
fure  Method  would  be,  according  to 
>  i  the 


the  eftabiflicd  Rule  of  the  Houfhold, 
for  the  Prince  to  carry  the  travelling 
Wardrobe  with  him,  and  to  take  fuch 
Houfes  in  the  way,  as  are  moft  con- 
venient for  him  ;  but  to  entertain  him- 
felf  and  his  Court  there,  and  have  a 
Variety  of  Tables   for  fuch  as  may 
come  to  attend  on  him.     On  this  Qj 
Mary  had  fet  her  Heart,  if  ihe  had  li- 
ved to  fee  Peace  in  her  Days ;  by  this 
means  a  Prince  may  fee  and  be  leen  by 
his  People ;  he  may  know  fome  Men,^ 
t]  It  deftrve  to  be  diftinguilhed,     ot 
t  whom  otherwile  he  would  never  have 
heard  ;    and  he  may  learn  and  redreft 
the  Grievances  of  his  People,  preven- 
ting ?\l  Parliamentary  Complaints,  ex- 
cept for  fuch  Matters  as  cannot  be  cu- 
red, but  by  a  Remedy  in  Parliament : 
Methods     like  rhcfe  would    make  a 
Prince  become  the  Idol  of  his  People. 
It  is  certain,    that  their  Afleaions 
muft  follow  a  Prince,  who  would  con- 
fider  Government  and  the  Royal  Dig- 
nity as  his  Calling,  and  would  be  dai- 
ly employed  in  it,  ftudying  the  Good 
and  Happinefs  of  his  People,  pursu- 
ing the  propereft  ways  for  promoting-^ 
lit,  without   either  delivering  himfelf 
I  up  to  the  Sloth  of  Luxury  and  vain 
;  Magnificence,  or  affefting  the  Barban- 
'  ty  of  War  and  Conqucft  ^  which  ren- 
-^  dcr 


[  76  3 

f'  '^"C?'  who  make  the  World  a 
Scene  at  Blood  and  Rapine,  indeed 
the  Butchers  of  MankinS.  'if "  hefe 
Words  feem  not  decent  enough,  I  will 

u"?:thenrb?"r''r°s^'  •'"^^rt  I 

ulc  them   becaufe  {  cannot  find  worfc: 

u  "  J  r*^^  ^'■<'  ^'^^>'  worft  of  Men,  fo 
they_  deferve  the  worft  of  Langu  ge! 

Mini  '  -u  b'-'IS"  to  corrupt  their 
Minds  with  Pnde  and  Contempt  of 
the  reft  of  xMankind,  as  if  they  were 
rnadeonly    to  be  the  InftrumLTof 

ofth^'^vZ"^^''"'''   °^  the  Subjeds 
othcrPa/nons  and  Humours?  ko' 

them  to  the  trucft  Sublimity,  to  be! 
come  as  hke  Divinity,  as  a  moSalCrea. 
Irudlc  "IC^'  f  -^^'"g-     None   will 

fndXrh  ?  ""u'  g""^^'  Treafures 
and  Authority,  when  they  fee  it  is  all 

employed  to  make  their  People  hap- 

when  they  fee  ,t  accompanied  with  a 
fuitablc  Greatnefs  of  Soul,  whereas  a 
magnified  and  flattered  Pageant    wlu 

ana  rtatred.  There  is  not  any  one  thine 
more  certain  and  more  evidenr,  than 
that  Pnnces  are  made  for  the  People" 

and 


ft 


J 


J^ 


I  77  J 
and  not  the  People  for  them;  and  per- 
haps there  is  no  Nation  under  Hea- 
ven, that  is  more  entirely  pofleiled 
with  this  Notion  of  Princes,  than  the 
Englijb  Nation  is  in  this  Age ;  fo  that 
they  will  foon  be  uneafy  to  a  Prince, 
who  does  not  govern  himfelt  by  this 
Maxim,  and  in  time  grow  very  unkind 

to  him. 

Great  Care  ought  to  be  taken,  in  the 
Nomination  of  Judges  and  Bilhops.    I 
join  thcfe  together  ;  for  Law  and  Re- 
ligion, Juftice  and  Piety,  are  the  Sup- 
port of  Nations,  and  give  Strength 
and  Security  to  Governments  :  Judges 
mull  be  recommended  by  thofc  in  the 
high  Pofts   of  the  Law  ;  but  a  Prince 
may,by  his  own  Tafte  and  upon  Know- 
ledge, choofe  his  Bifhops.  They  ought 
to  be  Men  eminent  for  Piety,    Learn- 
ing, Difcretion  and  Zeal ;  not  broken 
jwith  Age,  which  will  quickly  render 
them  incapable  of  ferving  the  Church, 
to  any  good  purpofe  :  A  Perfon  fit  to 
Lc  .,  Biftiop  at  lixty,  was  fit  at  forty  ; 
and  had  then  Spirit  and  Adivity,  with 
a  Strength   both   of  Body  and  Mind. 
The  vaft  Expence   they  are  at,  in  en- 
tring  on  their  Bilhopricks,   ought  to 
be  regulated  :  No  Bilhopricks  can  be, 
in  any  good  dcgree,fcrved  under  looo  /. 

a  Year  at  leaft.    The  Judg.cs  ought  to 

bd 


E  7S  ] 
be  plentifully  provided  for,  that  they 
may  be  under  no  Temptation  to  fup- 
ply  thcmfelves  by  indired  Ways :  One 
Part  of  a  Prince's  Care,  to  be  recom- 
mended to  Judges  in  their  Circuits,  is 
to  know  what  Perfons  are,  as  it  were, 
hid  in  the  Nation,  that  are  fie  for  Em- 
ployments,   and  deferve  to  be  encou- 
raged ;  of  fuch,  they  ought  to  give  an 
Account  to  the  Lord  Chancellor,  who 
ought  to  lay  it  before  the  Throne.  No 
Crime  ought  to  be  pardoned,  till  the 
Judge  who  gave  Sentence   is    heard, 
to  give  an  Account  of  the  Evidence, 
with  the  Circumftances  of  the  Fad,  as 
it  appeared  on  the  Trial  :    no  regard 
ought  to  be  had  to  Stories  that  are 
told,  to  move  Companion ;  for  in  thefc, 
Ihtle  regard  is  had  to  Truth  :  And  an 
Eafinefs  in  pardoning  is,  in  fome  fore, 
an  encouraging  of  Crimes,  and  a  giving 
Licence  to  commit  them. 
^  But  to  run  out  no  longer  into  par- 
ticulars, the  great  and  comprehenfivc 
Rule  of  all  is,  that  a  King  fhould  con- 
fider  himlelf^  as  exalted  d^  ^i^udghty 
God  into  that  high  Dignity,    as  into  a 
Capacity  of  doing  much  good,    and  of 
being  a  great  Blelfing  to  Mankind,  and 
in  fome   fort   a  God  on  Earth  ;    and 
therefore,  as  he  expefts,  that  his  Mi- 
nifters  fhould  ftudy  to  advancahisScp^ 

vice* 


!& 


i    ] 

vice,  his  Intercil^  and  his  Glory  ;   and 
that,  fo  much  the  more,  as  he   raifes 
them  to  higher  Pofts  of  Favour  and 
Honour  j  fo  he,  whom  God  has  raifed 
to  the  greateft  Exaltation,  this  World 
is  capable  of,    fhould   apply   himfelf 
wholly  to  Cares,   becoming  his  Rank 
and  Station,  to  be  in  himfelf  a  Pattern 
of  Virtue  and  true  Religion,  to  pro- 
!-  ^-  T  iftice,to  relieve  and  revenge  the^ 
Uppreifed,  and   to  feek  out  Men  of 
Virtue  and  Piety,  and  bring  them  in- 
to fuch  Degrees  of  Confidence,  as  they 
may  be  capable  of;    to  encourage  a 
due  and  a  generous  Freedom  in  their 
Advices,    to  be  ready   to  fee  his  own 
Errours,  that  he  may  correft  them, 
and  to  entertain  every  thing,  that  is 
fuggcfted  to  him,    for  the  Good  ot  his 
People,  and  for  the   Benefit  of  Man- 
kind ;    and  to  make  a  Difference  be- 
tween thofe,  who  court  his  Favour  for 
their  own  Ends,    who  fludy  to  flatter 
and  by   that   to  pleafe  him,  often  to 
his  own  Ruin,    and   thofe    who   have 
great  Views  and  noble  Aims,  who  fet^ 
him  on   to   purfue  Defigns  worthy  ot 
him,  without  mean  or  partial  regards 
\o  any  Ends  or  Interefts  of  their  own. 
It  is  not  enough  for  a  Prince,    not  to 
encourage  Vice  or   Impiety,    by  his 

own  ill  Pradices  i  it  ought  to  appear, 

that 


Hi 


that  thcfe  are  odious  to  him,  nnd  that 
they  give  him  Horrour  :  A  iJcclara- 
tion  of  this  kind,  folemnly  made  and 
ileadily  purfued,  would  foon  bring  on 
at  lealt  an  extcriour  Reformation,  which 
would  have  a  great  Eftbd:  on  the  Body 
of  the  Nation,  and  on  the  riling  Ge- 
neration, though  it  were  but  hypocri- 
tically put  on  at  firll.  Such  a  Prince 
would  be  perhaps  too  great  a  Bleffing 
to  a  wicked  World  :  Queen  Mary  fccm- 
ed  to  have  the  Seeds  of  all  this  in  her ; 
but  the  World  was  not  worthy  of  her  : 
And  fo  God  took  her  from  it. 
AnE\-  I  will  conclude  this  whole  Addrcfs 

hortation  ^^  Pofterity  with  that,  which  is  the 
become  '"^^  important  of  all  other  things,and 
truly  Re-  which  alone  will  carry  every  thing  elfe 
ligious.  along  with  it ;  which  is  to  recommend, 
in  the  mofl  folemn  and  feriuus  manner, 
the  Study  and  Practice  of  Religion  to 
allforrs  of  Men,  as  that  which  is  both 
the  Light  of  the  iVorld^  and  the  Salt  of 
the  Earth.  Nothing  does  fo  open  our 
Faculties,  and  compofe  and  direct  the 
whole  Man,  as  an  inward  Senfe  of  God, 
of  his  Authority  over  us,  of  the  Laws 
he  has  fet  us,  of  his  Eye  ever  upon  us, 
of  his  hearing  our  Prayers,  afliftingour 
Endeavours,  w^atching  over  our  Con- 
cerns, and  of  his  being  to  judge  and  to 
reward  or  punifh  us  in  ^,ngtlacr  State^ 

ac- 


1" 


*t 


C  81   a 

*      "hat  we  do  in  thiis  .  No- 
e  a  Man  fuch  a  Detcftati- 
iuch  a  Senfe  of  the  Good- 
iuio   ui    Li„_ij  and  of  our  Obligations 
to  Holinels,  as  a  right  Underftanding 
and  a  firm  Belief  of  the  Chriftian  Reli- 
gion :  ^^   thing  can  give  a  Man  fo  calm 
a  Peace  within,  and  fuch  a  firm  Secu- 
rity againft  all  Fears  and  Dangers  with- 
out, as  the  Belief  of  a  kind  and  wife 
Providence,  and  of  a  future  State.  An 
Integrity  of  Heart  gives  a  Man  aCou- 

c,  and  a  Confidence  that  cannot  be 
1  Liv^ii  :    A  Man  is  fure,  that   by  li- 

-  accor  ig  to  the  Rules  ofReli- 
he  becomes  the  wifeft,  the  beft 
pnieft  Creature,  that  he  is  ca- 
pable orbeing :  Honcft  Induftry,  tbe 
employing  his  Time  well,  and  a  con- 
ftant  Sobriety,  an  undcfiled  Purity  and 
Chaftity,  with  a  quiet  Serenity,  arc 
the  beft  Prefervcrs  of  Life  and  Health: 
So  that,  take  a  Man  as  a  fingle  Indi- 
vidual, Religion  is  his  Guard,  hisPer- 
iedion,  his  Beauty,  and  his  Glory : 
This  will  make  him  the  Light  of  the 
JVorldy  (hining  brightly,  and  enlighten- 
ingmany  round  about  him. 

Then  take  a  Man  as  a  Piece  of  Man- 
kind, as  a  Citizen  of  the  World,  or  of 
any  particular  State,  Religion  is  in- 
deed then  the  Salt  of  th$  Earth  :   For 

F  it 


it  makes  every  Man  t  e  to  all  the  reft 
of  the  Wrl^,  whatiocvcr  any  one  can 
with  reafoii  '  or  delire  him  to  be. 
He  is  true,  juit,  honell  and  faithful  in 
the  whole  Commerce  of  Life,  doing  to 
all  others,  that  which  he  would  have 
others  do  to  him  :  He  is  a  Lover  of 
Mankind,  and  of  his  Country :  He 
may  and  ought  to  love  fome  more  than 
others  ;  but  he  has  an  Extent  of  Lova 
to  all,  of  Pity  and  Compaffion,  not  Qn* 
ly  to  the  poorcft,  but  to  the  worft  ; 
for  the  worfe  any  are,  they  are  the  more 
to  be  pitied.  He  has  a  Complacency 
and  Delight  in  all  that  *rc  truly,  tho' 
but  defcSively  good,  and  a  Refpe^k 
and  Veneration  tor  all  that  are  eminent- 
ly fo:  He  mourns  for  the  Sins,  and  re- 
joices in  the  Virtues  of  al!  "bn*-  arc 
round  about  him  :  In  every  Relation 
of  Life,  Religion  makes  him  anfwer  all 
his  Obligations  :  It  will  make  Princes 
juft  and  good,  faithful  to  their  ?ro- 
mifes,  and  Lovers  ui  liieir  Pec  :  It 
■will  infpire  Subjeds  with  la 
Submiffion,  Obedience  and  Z 
their  Prince  :  It  will  fan^ifv  Wedlock 


to  be  a  Stntc 
and  tL'':-..i\ 
xents  the  true 
with  a  proper 

coounu. 


^ifhip, 
i  I  give  Pa- 
^*  to  r        Children, 
ucation: 
of  Gra- 
titude 


P 


I 


^^ 


f  ^-  1 

titude  and  ;  ace  from  Children: 
it  will  teach  Mailers  to  be  gentle  and 
careful  to  their  Servants,  and  Servants 
to  be  faithful,  zealous,  and  diligent  in 
their  Mailer's  Concerns  :  It  will  make 
Friends  tender  and  true  to  one  another  ; 
it  will  makf  rhem  generous,  faithful 
and  dilinter  ^  *  It  will  make  Men 
live  in  their  tibourhood,  as  Mem- 

bers of  one.  Bod  J  ^        loting 

firll  the  general  ,w^i  of  the  Whole, 
and  then  the  Good  of  every  Particular, 
as  far  as  a  "^ '  '  >  Sphere  can  go  :  It 
will  make  j  ad  Magiftrates  jull 

and  patient,  ^     ovetoufnefs,  and 

maintaining  Peace  and  Order,  without 
refped  of  P-rfins  :  It  will  make  Peo- 
ple live  I  offenfive  a  manner,  that 
will            ;/  to   maintain   Jullice, 
}  Men  are  not  difpofed  to  give 
"nee  to  thofe  nH'>-t  them.  This 
iKe  Bilhops       i  Pallors  faithful 
to  their  Truft,  tend       >  their  Pco|    % 
and  watchful  over  tl    u;    and  it  vt    i, 
beget  in  the  People  an  Efteem  for  their 
Perfons,  and  their  Funftions. 

Thus  Religion,  if  tru'  received 
andfincercU  i  ^rcdto,  would  prove 
the  grcatcft  r  Bleffings  to  a  Na- 

tion:   Bu  --,1  underftand 

fomcwhat  ceivingfome 

Doftrinct,  >  ti;^uc,  or  the 

F  a  pro- 


tl 


54  J 

profeffing  them,  and  engaging  to  fup- 
port  them,  not  without  Zeal  and  Ra- 
gernefs.  What  fignify  the  heft  Doc- 
trines, if  Men  do  not  live  fuitablj  to 
them  ;  if  they  have  not  a  due  Influence 
upon  their  Thoughts,  their  Principles, 
and  their  Lives  ?  Men  of  bad  Lives, 
with  found  Opinions,  are  felf  condemn- 
ed, and  lie  under  a  highly  aggravated 
Guilt ;  nor  will  the  Heat  of  a  Party, 
arifing  out  of  Intereft,  and  managed 
with  Fury  and  Violence,  compenfatc 
for  the  ill  Lives  of  fuch  falfe  Preten- 
ders to  Zeal  ;  while  they  are  a  Dif- 
grace  to  that,  which  they  profefs  and 
feem  fo  hot  for.  By  Religion  I  do  not 
mean,  an  outward  Compliance  with 
Form  andCulloms,  in  going  to  Church, 
to  Prayers,  to  Sermons  and  to  Sacra- 
ments, with  an  external  Shew  of  De- 
votion, or,  which  is  more,  with  fome 
inward  forced  good  Thoughts,  in 
which  many  may  fatisfy  themfelves, 
while  this  has  no  vifible  cffcA  on  their 
Lives,  nor  any  inward  Force  to  fu fa- 
due  and  redity  their  Appetites,  Paf- 
fions  and  fecret  Deiigns.  Thofe  cuf- 
tomary  Performances,  how  good  and 
nfcful  focver,  when  well  underftood 
and  rightly  directed,  are  of  little  value^ 
when  Men  reft  on  them,  and  think  that, 
becaufc  tbcy  do  them,  they  h     '  there^ 

fore 


I 


[  S5  1 

fore  acquitted  themfelves  of  their  Du- 
ty, tho'  they  continue  ftill  proud,  co- 
vetous, full  of  Deceit,  Envy  and  Ma- 
lice :  Even  fecret  Prayer,  the  moft  ef- 
feftual  of  all  other  means,  is  defigned 
for  a  higher  end,which  is  to  poffefs  our 
Minds  with  fuch  a  conftant  and  pre- 
fcnt  5cau  oi  Divine  Truths,  as  may 
make  thefe  live  in  us,  and  govern  us  ; 
and  may  draw  down  fuch  Alfiftances,  as 
may  exhale  and  fandify  our  Natures. 

So  that  by  Religion  I  mean,  fuch/ a 
Senfe  of  divine  Truth,  as  enters  into  a 
Man,  and  becomes  a  Spring  of  a  new 
Nature  whithin  him;  reforming  his 
Thoughts  and  Defigns,  purifying  his 
Heart,  andfanftifyinghim,  and  gover- 
ning his  wholeDcportment,his  Words 
as  well  as  his  Adions;  convincing  him 
that,  it  is  not  enough,  not  to  be  fcan- 
daloully  vicious,  or  to  be  innocent  in 
his  Converfation,  but  that  he  muft  be 
entirely,  uniformly  and  conftantly  pure 
and  virtuous,  animating  him  with  a 
Zeal,  to  be  ftill  better  and  better, 
more  eminendy  good  and  exemplary, 
ufing  Prayers  and  all  outward  Devoti- 
ons, as  folemn  Ads  teftifying  what  he 
is  inwardly  and  at  heart,  and  as  Me- 
thods inftituted  by  God,  to  be  ftill  ad- 
vancing in  the  ufe  of  them  further  and 
fuithcr,  ittto  a  more  refined  and  fpiri- 

tual 


C  86] 
tual  Senfc  of  divine  Maters.     Thb  i^ 
true  Religion,  which  is  the  Perfcdion 
of  Human  Nature,    and  the  Joy  and 
Delight  of  every  one,  that  feels  it  ac- 
tive and  llrong  within  him;  it  is  true, 
this  is  not  arrived  at  all  at  once;  and 
it  will  have  an  unhappy  allay,  hang- 
ing long  even  about  a  good  Man :  But, 
as  thofc  ill  Mixtures  are  the  perpetu- 
al Grief  of  his  Soul,  fo  it  is  his  chief 
Care   to  watch  over   and   to  mortiljr 
them  ;    he  will  be  in  a  continual  Pro- 
grefs,    flill  gaining  ground  upon  him- 
fcif :  And,  as  he  attains  to  a  good  de- 
gree of  Purity,   he  will  find  a  noble 
Flame  of  Life  and  Joy  growing  upon 
him.     Of  this  I  write  with  the  more 
Concern  and  Emotion,  becaufe  I  have 
felt  this  the  true  and  indeed  the  only 
Joy,  which  runs  thro'  a  Man's  Heart 
and  Life  :    It  is  that  which  has  been 
for  many  Years  my  greateft  Support ; 
I  rejoice  daily  in  it  ;    I   feel  from  it 
theEarneft  of  that  fupreme  Joy,  which 
I  pant  and  long  for  ;    I  am  fure  there 
is  nothing  elfe  can  afford  any  true  or 
compleat  Happinefs.     T  have,  confi- 
dering  my   Sphere,  feen  a  great  deal 
of  all,  that  is  moft  fhining  and  tempt- 
ing in  this  World  :    The  Pleafures  of 
Senfe  I  did  foon  naufeate  ;  Intrigues 
ef  State,  and  the  Condu6t  of  Affairs 

have 


have  fomcthing  in  them,  that  is  more* 
fpecious  ;  and  I  was,  for  fomc  Years, 
deeply  immerfed  in  thefe,  but  flill 
wit  \  1  i  )pes  of  reforming  the  World, 
and  ot  making  Mankind  wifer  and  bet- 
ter :  But  1  have  found.  That  which  is 
(rooked  cannot  he  madejiraight.  I  ac-« 
quainted  my  felf  with  Knowledge  and 
Learning,  and  that  in  a  great  Variety, 
and  with  more  Compafs  than  Depth  : 
but  xho'JVifdom  cxcellethFoll)\  as  much 
as  Light  does  Darknefs  ;  yet,  as  it  is  a 
fore  Travail^  fo  it  is  fo  very  defective, 
that  what  is  wanting  to  cornpleat  it, 
cannot  he  numbered.  I  have  feen  that 
tw(y  were  better  than  one^  and  that  a 
i,  threefold  Cord  is  not  eajily  loafed ;  and  have 
i  therefore  cultivated  Friendlhip  with 
much*  Zeal  and  a  difintcrefted  Tcnder- 
nefs  ^  but  I  have  found  this  was  alfo 
Vanity  and  Vexation  of  Spirit,  tho'  it 
be  of  the  belt  and  noblefl  fort.  So  that, 
upon  great  and  long  Experience,  I 
could  enlarge  on  the  Preacher's  Text, 
Vanity  of  vanities^  and  all  is  Vanity  \ 
but  I  muft  alfo  conclude  with  him  ; 
Fear  Gody  and  keep  his  Commandment Sy 
for  this  is  the  All  of  Man^  the  Whole 
both  of  his  Duty,  and  of  his  Happi- 
nefs. I  do  therefore  end  all,  in  the 
Words  of  Davidy  of  the  Truth  of 
which,   upon  great  Experience  and  a 

long 


'Wg'^: 


long  Obfervation,   I  a.  ■  ; 

cdjthat  I  leave  th  J  ^' 

to  Pollerity,       ^^   ( 
"  hearken  unto  me  ^  / 
"  F^^r  (?/  the  Lord  ^ 
*'  ^/&^^  dejireth  Life, 
"  D^jV-J,  />5?^^  ke  may  fee  Good\ 
*f  thy  Tongue  from  Evi/^    an.      ' 
<^  fromfpeaking  Guile  ;   ^/<?f  ' 
^^  -z;;/,   ^;y<^  do  Goody   feck    i 
*'  purfue  it*     T'he  Eyes  of  the  Loi 

'  s  Eii 


/'/ 


'  ^  / 


'1 


// 


^'  Upon  the  Righteous^ 

^^  open  to  their  Cry  :    i 

^}  Lord  is  againjt  ;  >-. 

"  cut   off'  the  Ren/ 

^^  from  the  Earth.     The  Right e 

*'  and  the  Lord  heareth  .*/  ^  *^ 

"  them  out  of  all  their  Troubles. 

^^  Lord  is  nigh  unto  them^  that  are  oj  a 

''  broken  Hearty  and  faveth  fuch  as  bd 

"  of  a  contrite  Spirit.'' 

S\  B,  This  was  written  in  yune  i  708,  when 
the  Author  rhoughc  himfclt  near  the 
end  of  the  Hiftory, 


> 


/ 


FINIS. 


i 


^M0mi^m.m 


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